Pixel Array Detector for X-ray Crystallography

描述(由申请人提供)：在同步加速器束线上引入用于大分子结晶学的像素阵列探测器(PAD)为具有突破性发现潜力的创造性应用提供了一个特殊的机会。PAD通常被认为是第三代同步加速器束线上基于CCD的探测器的短期替代。焊盘模块的每个像素构成一个独立的单光子计数系统，包括一个p-n二极管硅传感器铟凸点，连接到一个耐辐射的cmos读出单元。与当前一代的探测器相比，PADS具有许多优点。与基于CCD的探测器不同，PAD没有读出噪声，并将提高信噪比。此外，与CCD探测器相比，PAD具有更高的动态范围和更高的读出速度。快速的读出速度(3.5ms)提供了无快门数据采集的可能性，这将使数据采集吞吐量增加一到两个数量级。它还将允许微PHI切片，这将改进因详细分析晶体镶嵌而产生的数据缩放和合并。这些优势对显微衍射尤其重要，这是我们主要强调的领域之一。我们建议获得PILTAUS 6M PAD，这是第一个商业上可用的PILTAUS PAD，适用于同步加速器束线上的大分子结晶学。Pilatus探测器将安装在东北协作访问小组(NE-CAT)高级光子源的24-ID-C光束线上。NE-CAT由NCRR资助，作为一个国家用户设施，为不同的调查人员群体提供服务。显然需要Pilatus 6M的垫子。在过去的一年里，50多家由NIH资助的PIE多次使用我们的设施进行访问，产生了许多重要的新发现。Pilatus探测器将进一步增强我们的能力，并促进一系列目前和未来由NIH资助的项目。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The introduction of pixel array detectors (PADs) for macromolecular crystallography at synchrotron beam lines offers an exceptional opportunity for creative applications with potential for breakthrough discoveries. PADs are generally considered to be the near-term replacement for CCD-based detectors at third generation synchrotron beam lines. Each pixel of the PAD module constitutes an independent single-photon counting system, comprising a p-n diode silicon sensor indium bump bonded to a radiation-hardened CMOS readout unit. PADs have many advantages compared to the current generation of detectors. Unlike CCD-based detectors, PADs have no readout noise and will results in improved signal-to-noise. In addition PADs have much higher dynamic range and much higher readout speed compared to CCD detectors. The fast readout speed (3.5 ms) offers the possibility of shutterless data collection, which will increase data collection throughput by one to two orders of magnitude. It will also allow for micro-phi-slicing, which will improve data scaling and merging resulting from detailed analysis of crystal mosaicity. The advantages are particularly important for microdiffraction, which is one of our major areas of emphasis. We propose to acquire a PILTAUS 6M PAD, the first commercially available PAD suitable for macromolecular crystallography at synchrotron beam lines. The PILATUS detector will be installed at the Northeast Collaborative Access Team (NE-CAT) beam line 24-ID-C at the Advanced Photon Source. NE-CAT is funded by NCRR as a national user facility and serves a diverse group of investigators. There is a clear need for the PILATUS 6M PAD. During the past year more than 50 NIH-funded PIs used our facilities on multiple visits, resulting in many important new findings. The PILATUS detector will further enhance our capabilities and facilitate a broad range of current and future NIH-funded projects.