Project 4: Pathophysiology of age-related changes in speech recognition

项目摘要/摘要--项目4 与年龄相关的语音识别能力下降会导致经济机会的丧失、社会孤立、 和抑郁症。当听者必须努力识别噪声中的语音时，这些下降是明显的， 尤其是患有代谢性老聋的老年人。项目4考察老年人的能力，包括 新陈代谢、感觉和神经老年性听力利用有助于识别语音的声级语音提示 此外，它还配备了一个自适应控制系统，可帮助优化具有挑战性的任务的性能。 Aim 4.1检验了声学水平语音线索知觉受到不同程度影响的假设 代谢性、感觉性和神经性老年性耳聋的表型，因为代表能力的差异 关键的低频信息(例如，音调)和具有快速开头的简短信息(例如，语音开始时间)。 Aim 4.2测试了前端自适应控制系统的有限功能导致意外的假设 阈值上语音识别能力差，特别是在患有代谢性老年性耳聋的老年人中，因为 小血管疾病是内耳和额叶皮质衰退的常见原因。结构和 功能神经成像数据将与感知决策建模相结合，以测试这些 听觉和额叶自适应控制系统中的假设和总体因果模型 影响频谱和时间信息的积累，并在语音过程中修改决策边界 承认。来自项目4的结果有望解释为什么老年人有不同的机制 老年性听力障碍患者的语音识别困难，这可能会指导咨询和设计和 选择干预措施，以提高沟通和生活质量。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT – PROJECT 4 Age-related declines in speech recognition lead to the loss of economic opportunity, social isolation, and depression. These declines are pronounced when listeners must work to recognize speech in noise, particularly older adults with metabolic presbyacusis. Project 4 examines the ability of older adults with metabolic, sensory, and neural presbyacusis to leverage acoustic-level phonetic cues that help identify speech sounds, as well as an adaptive control system that helps to optimize performance during challenging tasks. Aim 4.1 tests the hypothesis that perception of acoustic-level phonetic cues is differentially affected across metabolic, sensory, and neural presbyacusis phenotypes because of differences in the ability to represent critical low-frequency information (e.g., pitch) and brief information with rapid onsets (e.g., voice onset time). Aim 4.2 tests the hypothesis that limited function of a frontal adaptive control system results in unexpectedly poor suprathreshold speech recognition, particularly in older adults with metabolic presbyacusis, because of small vessel disease, a common cause explanation for inner ear and frontal cortical declines. Structural and functional neuroimaging data will be integrated with perceptual decision-making modeling to test these hypotheses and an overarching causal model that declines in auditory and frontal adaptive control systems affect the accumulation of spectral and temporal information and modify decision boundaries during speech recognition. The results from Project 4 are expected to explain why older adults with different mechanisms of presbyacusis experience speech recognition difficulties, which may guide counseling and the design and selection of interventions to enhance communication and quality of life.