The Heterogeneous Effects of Education on Health and Productivity

项目总结 该应用程序响应了NIH FOA标准PAR-16-080，以促进对 教育和健康之间的因果关系。我们打算研究教育是如何塑造生活的 20世纪20年代和30年代出生的一代美国人的健康和经济福祉。 我们研究议程的前提是，教育是由三个因素决定的：第一，它是由 父母的决定和情况。其次，当地机构和社区特点也很重要。 第三，这些背景因素可以与家庭背景相互作用，加强或削弱 健康和经济福祉的代际传递。例如，义务教育法律 童工法迫使父母让孩子在学校上学，直到达到一定的最低年龄。在一定程度上 如果这些法律得到执行，它们可能会缩小富裕和贫穷儿童之间的教育差距 家庭，导致健康和晚年社会结果的不平等程度发生变化。 我们提出了一个研究项目，研究父母的环境和背景因素如何共同影响 并追踪其对一生的健康和经济结果的影响 当然了。要做到这一点，我们需要一个(1)跨代链接个人；(2)可以合并的数据集 与当地背景变量；以及(3)包括对经济和健康结果的生命周期衡量。 幸运的是，人口普查局和学术学者最近的一项合作，核心纵向 基础设施项目(CLIP)，为我们的数据需求提供主干。CLIP使我们可以匹配1940年的美国 从社会保障管理局的儿童和青年人口普查记录到接近人口的数据 总受益人记录文件(MBRF)和当前人口调查(CPS)。为了获得健康结果， 我们建议将国家健康访谈调查(NHIS)与这一努力联系起来。1940年人口普查包含42.7 100万名0-18岁的儿童，其中大多数当时与父母和兄弟姐妹住在一起。MBRF 包括95%或更多的人的终生收入、残疾状况和死亡年龄的衡量标准 出生队列，而CPS有关于教育和职业成就的数据，而NHIS有关于健康的数据 大子样本的行为和结果。我们将使用这些数据来描述 家庭背景、教育、寿命和终生收入，以及兄弟姐妹之间的相关性 后一种结果。我们将记录这些相关性如何因性别、种族和民族而不同，并有所不同 横跨美国各地区。我们还将合并有关就学法律和当地学校的信息 并对教育对健康和终生收入的影响进行因果研究。 所有文件将通过人口普查和NCHS研究数据中心提供给其他研究人员。 这些将跨越一百年的数据将非常适合我们提出的关于如何 教育在健康和社会经济指标方面塑造了终身幸福感。

PROJECT SUMMARY This application responds to PAR-16-080, an NIH FOA to advance scientific understanding of “the nature of the causal relationship between education and health.” We propose to study how education has shaped the life course of health and economic well-being for the generation of Americans born in the 1920s and 1930s. The premise of our research agenda is that education is determined by three factors: First, it is shaped by parents' decisions and circumstances. Second, local institutions and community characteristics also matter. And third, these contextual factors can interact with family background, strengthening or weakening the intergenerational transmission of health and economic well-being. For example, compulsory schooling laws and child labor laws compel parents to keep their children in school through some minimum age. To the extent the laws are enforced, they can potentially narrow the education gap between children from richer and poorer families, leading to changes in the degree of inequality in health and social outcomes in later life. We propose a research program that studies how parental circumstances and contextual factors jointly affect educational attainment in childhood and traces its effects on health and economic outcomes over the life course. To accomplish this, we need a data set that (1) links individuals across generations; (2) can be merged with local contextual variables; and (3) includes life-course measures of economic and health outcomes. Fortunately, a recent collaboration between the Census Bureau and academic scholars, the Core Longitudinal Infrastructure Project (CLIP), provides the backbone of our data needs. CLIP allows us to match 1940 US Census records on children and youth to near-population data from the Social Security Administration's Master Beneficiary Record File (MBRF) and the Current Population Survey (CPS). To gain health outcomes, we propose to link the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to this effort. The 1940 Census contains 42.7 million children aged 0-18, most of whom were living with parents and siblings at the time. The MBRF includes measures of lifetime earnings, disability status, and age at death for 95% or more of people in these birth cohorts, while the CPS has data on schooling and occupational attainment, and the NHIS on health behaviors and outcomes for large subsamples. We will use these data to describe the correlations between family background, education, longevity, and lifetime earnings, and the between-sibling correlations in the latter outcomes. We will document how these correlations differ by gender, race, and ethnicity, and vary across regions of the United States. We will also merge information on schooling laws and local school characteristics, and conduct causal studies of the effect of education on health and lifetime earnings. All files will be made available to other researchers through the Census and NCHS Research Data Centers. These data—which will span one hundred years—will be well-suited for our proposed research on how education shapes lifelong well-being in terms of health and socioeconomic metrics.