Mitigating Airborne PCB Emissions from Sediments with Black Carbon Materials and PCB-Degrading Biofilms

摘要：项目5--沉积物中的修复 多氯联苯(多氯联苯)是常见的有机化学污染物， 超级基金遗址，通常在工业和商业区域附近的河流和湖泊沉积物中发现 活动。爱荷华州超级基金研究计划(ISRP)显示，开放的空气中排放的多氯联苯 与受污染的沉积物来源相关的水可能会对附近构成重大的吸入风险 人口。项目5的研究基于开发、评估和展示创新能力的迫切需要 破坏超级基金站点沉积物中多氯联苯流向大气的方法。项目5‘S 中心假设是含有降解多氯联苯生物膜的黑碳材料将增强有氧 生物降解受污染沉积物中的液晶多氯联苯，从而减少其排放到 大气层。我们的假设是基于初步研究表明，好氧多氯联苯的生物增强- 土壤中的降解菌可促进某些LC-PCB同系物的生物降解。我们还展示了 好氧多氯联苯降解菌在黑炭材料上形成生物膜，表明它们有可能成为 将多氯联苯降解菌引入沉积物的运输工具。以这些初步数据为指导，我们 我将通过以下几个方面来验证我们的中心假设：1)优化具有吸附和活性的定制黑碳材料 对液晶多氯联苯的性质和好氧降解多氯联苯生物膜的能力；2)评估 含好氧生物膜降解多氯联苯的黑炭材料降低LC-多氯联苯性能的研究 在相关环境条件下水和空气中的浓度；以及3)扩大生产 生物膜覆盖黑碳材料，以证明减少空气中PCB通量的可行性 中尺度受污染的沉积物。我们的工作将依赖于ISRP核的支持来进行合成 以及研究样品中多氯联苯的分析评估。这项拟议的研究具有创新性，因为 从沉积物中去除LC-多氯联苯同系物与多氯联苯排放之间的关系尚未得到证实 学习。目前还没有开发或测试的生物技术来减少或防止空气中的多氯联苯 沉积物的排放。我们的项目与SRP任务相关，因为我们将开发高级 方法降低环境中多氯联苯的含量和毒性。这个项目的成果将会受益 通过减少人类接触空气中的多氯联苯来实现人类健康，并通过展示 突破性的替代印刷电路板修复方法，最大限度地减少昂贵和破坏性的措施，如 就像疏浚一样。

SUMMARY: Project 5 – Remediation in Sediments Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are commonly encountered organic chemical pollutants of concern at Superfund sites, which are often found in river and lake sediments near areas of industrial and commercial activity. The Iowa Superfund Research Program (ISRP) has shown that airborne PCB emissions from open water associated with contaminated sediment sources could pose significant inhalation risk to nearby populations. Project 5 research is based on the critical need to develop, evaluate, and demonstrate innovative approaches to disrupt the flux of PCBs from sediments to the atmosphere at Superfund sites. Project 5’s central hypothesis is that black carbon materials containing PCB-degrading biofilms will enhance aerobic biodegradation of LC-PCBs in contaminated sediments, thereby decreasing their emission into the atmosphere. Our hypothesis is based on preliminary studies showing that bioaugmentation of aerobic PCB- degrading bacteria into soils catalyzes improved biodegradation of certain LC-PCB congeners. We also show that aerobic PCB-degrading bacteria form biofilms on black carbon materials, indicating their potential as delivery vehicles for introducing PCB-degrading bacteria into sediments. Guided by these preliminary data, we will test our central hypothesis by: 1) optimizing tailored black carbon materials with sorptive and reactive properties toward LC-PCBs and the ability to host aerobic PCB-degrading biofilms; 2) evaluating the performance of black carbon materials containing aerobic PCB-degrading biofilms to lower LC-PCB concentrations in water and air under relevant environmental conditions; and 3) scaling up production of biofilm-coated black carbon materials to demonstrate the feasibility of decreasing airborne PCB flux from contaminated sediments at the mesocosm-scale. Our work will rely on the support of ISRP cores for synthesis and analytical assessment of PCBs in study samples. The proposed research is innovative because the relationship between the removal of LC-PCB congeners from sediments and PCB emissions has not been studied. There are currently no developed or tested biotechnologies to decrease or prevent airborne PCB emissions from sediments. Our project is relevant to the SRP mandates because we will develop advanced methods to decrease the amount and toxicity of PCBs in the environment. Outcomes of this project will benefit human health by reducing human exposure to airborne PCBs and realize economic benefits by demonstrating breakthrough alternative PCB remediation approaches that minimize expensive and disruptive measures such as dredging.