Immune perception of bacterial pathogens in plants

项目摘要/摘要 这项建议中的研究重点是植物对细菌病原体的免疫感知。植物拥有一种 复杂的天然免疫系统，由生殖系编码的免疫受体组成，能够识别 所有病原体类别。这些免疫受体在结构上与它们的动物受体相似，包括 表面定位模式识别受体(PRRs)以及细胞内富含核苷酸结合的亮氨酸 重复(NLR)受体。植物免疫受体和下游信号转导节点受植物免疫信号转导后调控 翻译修饰，允许快速调整防御的起始、幅度和持续时间。 尽管PRR和NLR在结构上是不同的，并且在防御时间和幅度上表现出差异，但它们 在关键下游信令节点的翻译后修改方面存在显著重叠。然而，我们的 数据表明，在关键信令节点参与调节PRR和NLR反应的激酶是 截然不同。在这里，我们将研究调节先天免疫信号强度、信号传播 以及树叶内的细胞特异性反应。我们将分析特定的蛋白激酶对 调节NLR触发的免疫反应的强度。我们将调查坦德兰的角色 富含半胱氨酸的受体样蛋白作为传播病原体信号的次级免疫受体 感知力。最后，我们将研究细胞特异性的先天免疫反应。这个项目将培训下一个 科学家的一代，并导致发现，导致更好地理解初始信号如何 病原菌的感知被整合到植物器官内的有效防御反应中。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The research in this proposal focuses on plant immune perception of bacterial pathogens. Plants possess a sophisticated innate immune system comprised of germline encoded immune receptors capable of recognizing all pathogen classes. These immune receptors are structurally similar to their animal counterparts and include surface localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as well as intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine rich repeat (NLR) receptors. Plant immune receptors and downstream signaling nodes are controlled by post- translational modifications, allowing rapid regulation of the initiation, amplitude, and duration of defense. Although PRRs and NLRs are structurally distinct and exhibit differences in defense timing and amplitude, they share significant overlap in posttranslational modification of critical downstream signaling nodes. However, our data demonstrates that the kinases involved in mediating PRR and NLR responses at key signaling nodes are distinct. Here, we will investigate mechanisms regulating innate immune signal intensity, signal propagation and cell specific responses within a leaf. We will analyze the importance of specific protein kinases for mediating the intensity of NLR-triggered immune responses. We will investigate the role of tandemly arrayed cysteine rich-receptor like kinases as secondary immune receptors that propagate signals of pathogen perception. Finally, we will investigate cell specific innate immune responses. This project will train the next generation of scientists and result in discoveries that lead to a better understanding of how signals of initial pathogen perception are integrated into an effective defense response within a plant organ.