Evaluating a school-based social and material needs identification system to prevent youth violence involvement

摘要 社会和物质需求识别和资源连接系统已经在学校存在了几十年， 但研究人员还没有严格评估这些系统对青少年暴力的影响 参与。密歇根州卫生与公众服务部（MDHHS）是目前提案的核心。 P2P（Pathways to Potential）计划始于2012年，是一种提供人类服务的新方法。 P2P目前在全州288所学校实施，它在那里派驻MDHHS个案工作者， 在当地的小学，初中和高中，被称为成功教练。在确定了一个社会或物质 阻碍上学的需求（例如，交通障碍，照顾者失业），成功 教练将学生和家庭与社区资源和公共援助联系起来。这些确定的需求 不仅是入学的障碍，也是青年暴力和虐待儿童的风险因素。给定 P2P解决了多种类型的青少年暴力参与和暴露的共同风险因素，我们 期望学校参与P2P可以减少同龄人暴力和虐待儿童的发生率， 学校该项目将把纵向P2P参与数据与州行政记录和学校 评估学校P2P参与和青少年暴力参与之间关联的学科数据- 特别是同龄人暴力率，枪支携带率和学校内的虐待儿童率（目标1）。 鉴于P2P的重点是改善学校内部的社会和结构条件， 学生长期旷课，该小组将评估是否慢性旷课率调解的关系 学校P2P参与和青少年暴力参与之间的关系（目标3）。最后，一个成功的调查 教练将告知学校的考试和实施因素，适度之间的关联 P2P参与和青年暴力参与（目标3）。鉴于社会和物质需求方面的种族差异 和暴力的结果，研究小组将评估P2P的影响（a）所有学校和（B）学校与 主要是非白人和/或西班牙裔学生团体。该小组还将评估 协会，评估结果两个六个月进入和在学年结束。以合作 在研究人员、从业人员和政府机构之间，核心研究团队和研究伙伴是 我们有能力开展这项研究，传播成果，并将研究成果转化为实践。的 拟议的有效性研究将评估P2P改善社会条件的能力， 造成青少年参与暴力的普遍性和不公平现象的学校。总的来说，这项研究将 帮助确定学校的社会和物质需求是否得到确认，是否公平地建立资源联系， 立即预防青少年暴力。

Abstract Social and material needs identification and resource connection systems have existed in schools for decades, but researchers have not rigorously evaluated these systems with respect to their effects on youth violence involvement. Central to the current proposal, a Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) program, Pathways to Potential (P2P), began in 2012 as a novel approach to the delivery of human services. P2P is currently implemented in 288 schools throughout the state, whereby it stations MDHHS caseworkers, called success coaches, in local elementary, middle, and high schools. After identifying a social or material need that is a barrier to school attendance (e.g., transportation barriers, caregiver unemployment), success coaches connect students and families to community resources and public assistance. These identified needs not only are barriers to attendance, but also are risk factors for youth violence and child maltreatment. Given P2P addresses common risk factors for multiple types of youth violence involvement and exposures, we expect school involvement in P2P reduces the prevalence of peer violence and child maltreatment within a school. This project will link longitudinal P2P participation data to state administrative records and school disciplinary data to evaluate associations between school P2P participation and youth violence involvement— specifically peer violence rates, firearm carriage rates, and child maltreatment rates within a school (Aim 1). Given the focus of P2P is to improve the social and structural conditions within a school that contribute to student chronic absenteeism, the team will assess if chronic absenteeism rates mediate the relationships between school P2P participation and youth violence involvement (Aim 3). Finally, a survey of success coaches will inform the examination of school and implementation factors that moderate associations between P2P participation and youth violence involvement (Aim 3). Given racial disparities in social and material needs and violence outcomes, the research team will evaluate P2P effects among (a) all schools and (b) schools with a predominately non-White and/or Hispanic student body. The team will also assess the immediacy of associations, evaluating outcomes both six-months into and at the academic year end. As a collaboration between researchers, practitioners, and government agencies, the core research team and study partners are well-positioned to conduct this research, disseminate results, and translate research findings into practice. The proposed effectiveness research will evaluate the capacity of P2P to improve the social conditions within schools that contribute to the prevalence of and inequities in youth violence involvement. Overall, this study will help determine if school-based social and material needs identification and resource connections equitably and immediately prevent youth violence.