Close friendship quality and the emergence of depression in adolescent females: Neurodevelopmental mechanisms and sensitive periods

项目摘要 青少年时期亲密友谊的质量与十年的身心健康有关 后这种巨大而持久的影响与青春期是一个敏感时期的理论是一致的。 社会发展在此期间对社会关系进行干预可能会改善青少年的心理健康 并减轻与不良社会关系相关的终身疾病负担。这一公共卫生战略 可能特别有利于青春期女孩，这一群体具有特定的脆弱性， 通往抑郁症的道路这个项目通过研究亲密的青少年友谊来调查这些途径， 来自青少年女性纵向研究的三波数据（初始N = 174，初始年龄10-13，18个月 波之间）。我们注重自我表露，这是形成和维持亲密感的关键行为 在友谊中。我们之前对自我表露任务的功能磁共振成像适应性研究表明，青少年 我发现向亲密的朋友倾诉是一种内在的回报，而且在倾诉时的神经反应 决策与友谊质量和被支持的感觉有关。本项目的指导框架 亲密的友谊中的亲密和联系可能是保护和/或风险因素， 抑郁症的出现是通过其对特定阶段皮质-纹状体回路功能的影响来实现的 青春期发育的关键为了测试这个框架，这个建议的具体目标是（1）预测 亲密友谊质量和自我表露的神经行为指标导致抑郁症状的出现 探讨自我表露过程中神经反应模式的神经发育机制 随着时间的推移，大脑休息状态功能结构的变化。(3)第三个探索目标 检查年龄和青春期作为这些协会的调节器。完成这些研究目标将导致 在一系列研究亲密友谊质量和自我表露过程对 精神病理学和神经发育，并确定这些影响的时间窗口 可能会更明显。Jennifer Pfeifer博士将是监督该项目的主要培训导师， 她在青少年社会发展和发育神经成像方面的渊博知识。额外 导师们将在三个培训目标中的每一个方面发挥带头作用：（1）纵向发展的先进方法 神经影像学（凯特米尔斯博士），（2）青少年内化问题的生物心理社会模型（尼克艾伦博士）， （3）开放和可重复的神经科学（Rob Chavez博士）。主要导师（Pfeifer博士）和合作者， 赞助商（米尔斯博士）将提供实质性指导和实践支持，在研究和培训目标。 这种协调一致的教学，体验和专业培训支持我成为一名 发展科学家调查社会发展的敏感时期的性质，以确定可塑性 青少年精神病理学的因素和敏感的时间窗口。

Project Summary The quality of close friendships during adolescence is related to physical and mental health over a decade later. This outsized and lasting influence is consistent with theories that adolescence is a sensitive period for social development. Intervening on social relationships during this period may improve adolescent mental health and mitigate the lifespan disease burden associated with poor social relationships. This public health strategy may be particularly beneficial for adolescent girls, a population with specific vulnerabilities and biopsychosocial pathways to depression. This project investigates these pathways by examining close adolescent friendships in three waves of data from a longitudinal study of adolescent females (initial N = 174, initial ages 10-13, 18 months between waves). We focus on self-disclosure, a critical behavior for forming and maintaining feelings of intimacy within friendships. Our prior work with an fMRI adaptation of the Self-Disclosure Task suggests that adolescents find disclosing to a close friend to be intrinsically rewarding, and that neural responses during disclosure decisions are related to friendship quality and feelings of being supported. The guiding framework of this project is that intimacy and affiliation within close friendships may serve as protective and/or risk factor for the emergence of depression via their influence on the functioning of a cortico-striatal circuit during specific phases of pubertal development. To test this framework, the specific aims of this proposal are (1) to predict the emergence of depressive symptoms from close friendship quality and neurobehavioral indices of self-disclosure and, (2) to probe a neurodevelopmental mechanism relating patterns of neural responses during self-disclosure processes to changes in the brain’s resting-state functional architecture over time. (3) A third exploratory aim examines age and puberty as moderators of these associations. Completion of these research aims will result in a body of work that examines the influence of close friendship quality and self-disclosure processes on psychopathology and neurodevelopment across time and identifies timing windows during which these effects might be more pronounced. Dr. Jennifer Pfeifer will be the primary training mentor overseeing the project due to her extensive knowledge of adolescent social development and developmental neuroimaging. Additional mentors will take the lead on each of three training goals: (1) advanced methods for longitudinal developmental neuroimaging (Dr. Kate Mills), (2) biopsychosocial models of adolescent internalizing problems (Dr. Nick Allen), and (3) open and reproducible neuroscience (Dr. Rob Chavez). Both the primary mentor (Dr. Pfeifer) and co- sponsor (Dr. Mills) will provide substantive mentorship and hands-on support across research and training aims. This coordinated didactic, experiential, and professional training support my long-term goal of becoming a developmental scientist investigating the nature of sensitive periods for social development to identify malleable factors and sensitive timing windows for adolescent psychopathology.