Evaluating the Effects of the Bar Outreach Project in North Carolina

项目摘要/摘要 性暴力在美国的流行率仍然高得令人无法接受；43.6%的妇女和 24.8%的男性在他们的一生中经历过某种形式的癌症(Smith等人，2018年)。酒精一直是 被确定为性侵犯受害者和性侵行为的主要风险因素(Behnken，2017； Richer等人，2017)；在提倡大量饮酒的社交环境中(即酒吧)和在 酒精服务场所密度高的社区(Cunradi等人，2014；Pridemore等人， 2013)。旁观者干预计划采取多层次方法来应对SV风险(McMahon和 Banyard，2012)，但是，在学校和校园之外，他们没有经过严格的SV评估 结果。迫切需要在社区环境中测试SV预防方法的有效性 在酒精盛行的地方，并了解其对个人和社区的影响。建议数 研究将评估律师外展项目(BOP)的效果，这是一套培训和支持 提供酒精服务的场所，用于SV的一级预防。BOP已在本科姆实施 自2008年以来，由北卡罗来纳州县的强奸预防和教育资助组织我们的声音。 基于社会规范理论(Berkowitz，2003；2005)和计划行为理论(Ajzen，1991)， 国际收支行通过增加旁观者干预促进反暴力规范并创造更安全的环境 在酒吧工作人员中。到目前为止，还没有研究考察国际收支的影响，也没有研究成功的条件 实施和评估。在构成部分A期间，拟议的研究将评估国际收支的可评估性 通过形成性研究和中试(目标1)。然后，评估将使用有效性- 实施混合设计(Blend I；Curran等人，2012)，以评估BOP对邻里关系的影响- SV受害水平和赞助人水平(目标2)，评估防爆对酒吧员工和环境的影响 结果并检查这些因素如何预测赞助人的结果(目标3)，并检查条件和 有效执行和改进工作人员和赞助人成果所必需的特点(目标4)。 关于干预和对照社区SV发生率的行政数据，重复调查 在15个干预酒吧和15个对照酒吧的顾客和工作人员，与经理和 员工、研究团队观察和我们的语音实施记录将用于评估 效率和执行情况，并衡量成本。国际收支平衡表已编制成手册以供传播，并已 显示出很强的社区接受性。预计这项研究的结果将具有重要的积极意义 在促进社会规范和宣传的关键领域扩大预防性病的证据基础产生的影响 创造保护性环境，并通知今后此类计划的成功实施。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The prevalence of sexual violence (SV) is still unacceptably high in the United States; 43.6% of women and 24.8% of men have experienced some form of it in their lifetimes (Smith et al., 2018). Alcohol has been identified as a leading risk factor for both victimization and perpetration of sexual assault (Behnken, 2017; Richer et al., 2017); SV risk is also increased in social contexts that promote heavy drinking (i.e., bars) and in communities with a high density of alcohol-serving establishments (Cunradi et al., 2014; Pridemore et al., 2013). Bystander intervention programs take a multilevel approach to addressing SV risk (McMahon & Banyard, 2012), but, outside of school and campus settings, they have not been rigorously evaluated for SV outcomes. There is a critical need to test the effectiveness of SV prevention approaches in community settings where alcohol is prevalent and to understand their effects on both individuals and communities. The proposed study will assess the effectiveness of the Bar Outreach Project (BOP), a package of training and support for alcohol-serving establishments, for primary prevention of SV. The BOP has been implemented in Buncombe County, North Carolina, since 2008 by the Rape Prevention and Education-funded organization Our VOICE. Grounded in Social Norms Theory (Berkowitz, 2003; 2005) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), BOP promotes anti-violence norms and creates safer environments by increasing bystander intervention among bar staff. To date, no research has examined the impact of BOP or studied conditions for successfully implementing and evaluating it. During Component A, the proposed study will assess the evaluability of BOP through formative research and pilot testing (Aim 1). Then, the evaluation will use an effectiveness- implementation hybrid design (Hybrid I; Curran et al., 2012) to assess the impact of BOP on neighborhood- level and patron-level rates of SV victimization (Aim 2), assess the impact of BOP on bar staff and environment outcomes and examine how these factors predict patron outcomes (Aim 3), and examine the conditions and characteristics necessary for effective implementation and improved staff and patron outcomes (Aim 4). Administrative data about rates of SV in intervention and comparison communities, repeated surveys of patrons and staff at 15 intervention and 15 comparison bars, semistructured interviews with managers and staff, research team observations, and Our VOICE implementation records will be used to evaluate effectiveness and implementation and to measure costs. The BOP is manualized for dissemination and has shown strong community acceptability. The outcomes of this study are expected to have an important positive impact by expanding the evidence base for SV prevention in the key areas of promoting social norms and creating protective environments and by informing future successful implementation of such programs.