Environmental Approaches to Prevention

摘要 预防研究中心(PRC)是太平洋研究与评估研究所(PERR)的一个部门，成立于#年 1983年10月被同行评选为“环境预防方法”研究中心补助金 国家酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所(NIAAA)的国家预防研究中心。目标 该中心的主要任务是：(1)进行有助于发展高性价比的创新基础研究 地方、州和国家层面的环境预防规划和政策；(2)承担研究 对为预防酒精相关问题的政策和方案提供信息具有应用和实际意义，特别是在 环境因素领域；(3)总结和综合关于预防理论的新知识和现有知识， 政策和计划，并将这些信息传播给专业、学术和社区受众；以及(4) 为博士后研究员和其他早期研究人员提供多学科培训和研究机会。 我们采取多学科的方法进行预防研究，强调整合来自 将生物学应用于行为和社会科学，以加强我们对饮酒的因果影响的了解 环境对饮酒模式和问题的影响。我们为更新该中心而提出的研究将继续下去 在前几轮加利福尼亚州各城市之间进行的广泛工作的基础上，并继续 重点关注酒精使用的微观和宏观生态环境。我们将考虑社会和情景条件 影响未成年人早期饮酒、醉酒和进展为酗酒及相关问题的因素 (组件#3)。识别这些条件将提高我们对微环境如何影响的理解 这有助于了解儿童的早期发育轨迹，并指导我们采取有效的预防性干预措施，以减少未成年人饮酒。 我们将研究年轻人的饮酒模式和位于西语裔/拉丁裔社区的问题 加州-墨西哥边境和一段距离，以评估宏观和微观生态差异如何 饮酒影响这一群体中的饮酒和问题(构成部分4)。这项研究将阐明来源 在西班牙裔/拉丁裔饮酒者中出现的与酒精相关的健康差异，并帮助我们识别那些独特的饮酒者 应为其设计有效的预防性干预措施的背景和情况。我们将调查这一动态 酗酒者的酒精使用、问题和AUD症状之间的相互关系，以确定如何 大量饮酒的微生态环境可能被操纵以减少在 与AUDS相关的社区(构成部分5)。在任何环境研究项目中，我们都是第一次 将这些研究的理论模型和经验数据集成到基于代理的建模框架中，该框架 允许我们测试一组精选的场景，这些场景涉及改变可能改善酒精的社会生态机制- 社区中的相关问题(《重建流行病学动态框架》，FRED；构成部分6)。 最后，我们将继续侧重于提供信息和传播以社区为基础的预防措施 干预研究，扩大我们对社交媒体的利用(组件2)。

ABSTRACT The Prevention Research Center (PRC), a division of Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE), was formed in October 1983 around the "Environmental Approaches to Prevention" Research Center grant, selected by peer review as the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's (NIAAA's) national Center for prevention research. The goals of the Center are: (1) to undertake innovative basic research that contributes to the development of cost-effective environmental prevention programs and policies at the local, state, and national levels; (2) to undertake research of applied and practical importance to inform policies and programs to prevent alcohol-related problems, especially in the area of environmental factors; (3) to summarize and synthesize new and existing knowledge about prevention theories, policies, and programs, and to disseminate this information to professional, academic, and community audiences; and (4) to provide multidisciplinary training and research opportunities for post-doctoral fellows and other early investigators. We take a multidisciplinary approach to prevention research that emphasizes integration across theories from the biological to the behavioral and social sciences to enhance our understanding of the causal impacts of drinking environments on drinking patterns and problems. Research we are proposing for the renewal of the Center continues this approach, building upon extensive work conducted among cities in California in the previous rounds, and continuing to focus on the micro- and macro-ecological contexts of alcohol use. We will consider the social and situational conditions that affect early initiation of underage alcohol use, intoxication, and progression to heavier drinking and related problems (Component #3). Identification of these conditions will improve our understanding of how micro-environments affect early developmental trajectories and guide us toward effective preventive interventions to reduce underage alcohol use. We will examine young adult drinking patterns and problems in large Hispanic/Latino communities situated along the California-Mexico border and some distance away in order to assess how macro- and micro-ecological differences in access to alcohol affect drinking and problems in this subpopulation (Component #4). This study will illuminate sources of alcohol-related health disparities that arise among Hispanic/Latino drinkers and help us identify those unique drinking contexts and situations for which effective preventive interventions should be designed. We will investigate the dynamic inter-relationships of alcohol use, problems, and AUD symptomatology among heavy drinkers in order to establish how micro-ecological contexts of heavy drinking might be manipulated to reduce the large number of problems that arise in communities in association with AUDs (Component #5). For the first time in any environmental research program we will integrate theoretical models and empirical data from these studies into an agent-based modeling framework that allows us to test a select set of scenarios that involve altering social ecological mechanisms that could ameliorate alcohol- related problems in communities (the Framework for Reconstructing Epidemiological Dynamics, FRED; Component #6). Finally, we will continue our focus on providing information and dissemination of community-based preventive intervention research, expanding our utilization of social media (Component #2).