Neural Mechanisms of Sensory OverResponsivity

项目摘要 感觉过度反应（SOR），对典型的非伤害性刺激的不寻常的负面反应，代表了 这是许多神经发育疾病的一个突出特征，包括自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）， 焦虑、注意力缺陷/多动和发展协调障碍。SOR严重破坏了所有 儿童发展的各个方面，包括学习和社会参与的能力。尽管人们越来越认识到 虽然SOR作为神经发育的核心特征，但其神经机制尚不清楚。 由于这一差距，SOR在历史上被认为是"行为"或由于"不良的养育"或 “自闭症”的后果。这一观点受到了来自我们实验室和其他机构的数据的挑战， 感觉加工障碍儿童的白色物质微结构和功能成像差异 (SPD)和ASD/SOR儿童。描述了支持SOR的底层神经网络， 听觉和触觉，不仅将指导我们对这种情况的理解， 与可治疗的神经系统疾病的关系。获得SOR的神经特征将有助于 通过认知训练模式寻找神经重塑的生物标志物， 认知控制领域我们的工作利用实验室直接评估听觉SOR将测试 一个科学的前提，SOR结果从断开高阶SOR网络：后 放射状冠、上级纵束和扣带束。我们将进一步确定 这种假定的SOR网络是否反映了后脑室周围区域的普遍脆弱性， 富含高度连接的白色物质束，或者是听觉SOR特有的。此外，如果这 微结构断开是SOR特异性的，那么它是一个多域SOR网络还是每个感觉 领域（例如听觉和触觉）依赖于一组独特的连接-正如非重叠所暗示的那样 受影响儿童的感觉域表型？一种多方面的表型和神经影像学方法， 需要回答这些问题。这项建议的目的是促进我们对以下方面的直接评估： 感觉相关的行为，并应用新的结构神经影像学方法来阐明神经结构 使用RDoC方法的SOR。为了实现这一目标，我们将使用 感官处理：三维评估（SP-3D：A）与创新的结构成像相结合， 神经突取向分散和密度成像，用于详细的微观结构评估，以及Edge 密度成像，用于高级连接体评估，170名8 - 12岁儿童， 神经发育问题。所有表型和神经影像学数据将在 以支持在这个独特的数据集中对感觉处理的持续理解。

Project Summary Sensory over-responsivity (SOR), the unusual negative response to typically non-noxious stimuli, represents a prominent feature of many neurodevelopmental conditions, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Anxiety, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity, and Developmental Coordination Disorders. SOR severely disrupts all aspects of a child's development, including the ability to learn and socially engage. Despite growing recognition of SOR as a core feature in neurodevelopmental conditions, the neural mechanisms of SOR remain unclear. As a result of this gap, SOR has historically been thought to be “behavioral” or due to “bad parenting” or a consequence of “having autism”. This percept has been challenged by data from our lab and others showing white matter microstructural and functional imaging differences in children with sensory processing dysfunction (SPD) and in children with ASD/SOR. Delineating the underlying neural networks that subserve SOR, both auditory and tactile, will not only guide our understanding of this condition, but also shift the conceptualization of SOR to that of a treatable neurologic condition. Obtaining the neural signature of SOR will contribute to finding a biomarker for neural remodeling with cognitive training paradigms similar to what we have piloted in the domain of cognitive control. Our work utilizing in-lab direct assessment of auditory SOR will test the scientific premise that SOR results from the disconnection of a higher-order SOR network: the Posterior Corona Radiata, Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus, and the Cingulate Bundle. We will further determine whether this putative SOR network reflects a general vulnerability in the posterior periventricular regions, which are rich in highly connecting white matter tracts, or is specific to auditory SOR. Furthermore, if this microstructural disconnection is SOR specific, then is it a multi-domain SOR network or does each sensory domain (e.g. auditory and tactile) rely on a unique set of connections-- as is suggested by the non-overlapping sensory domain phenotypes in affected children? A multifaceted phenotype and neuroimaging approach is required to answer these questions. The objective of this proposal is to advance our direct assessment of sensory related behavior and apply novel structural neuroimaging methods to elucidate the neural architecture of SOR using an RDoC approach. To achieve this goal, we will assess auditory and tactile SOR using the Sensory Processing: Three Dimensions Assessment (SP-3D:A) paired with innovative structural imaging, Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging, for detailed microstructural assessment, and Edge Density Imaging, for advance connectome assessment, in 170 children, ages 8-12 years, with neurodevelopmental concerns. All phenotype and neuroimaging data will be made available to the field in order to support ongoing understanding of sensory processing in this unique data set.