Risk Environments of Permanent Supportive Housing for Formerly Incarcerated People with Serious Mental Illnesses

摘要 以前被监禁的患有严重精神疾病(SMI)的人经历了刑事法律制度 不平等，并有更高的再犯罪率，无家可归，一般医疗问题和药物使用 精神错乱。永久支持性住房(PSH)是一种在再入期间经常使用的住房干预措施，但它已经 解决社区融合问题的资源有限，这是重返社会的一个关键组成部分。PSH通常位于 造成犯罪风险增加的高度贫困环境。PSH的地理位置还包括公共空间， 这与更大的自尊，生活满意度，积极的康复方向， 独立就业以及获得有形资源和社会资源。风险环境框架 提供了一种结构，通过关注物理、社会、经济、 以及政策对微观环境和宏观环境的影响。在重返大气层期间，个人、人际和 环境因素可以与这些环境相互作用，以产生或降低风险。如果得到解决，这些因素 可通过改善社区参与和治疗参与度以及 减少精神痛苦和药物使用，最终支持更有针对性的干预。 所建议的研究采用严格的非传统QUAL+QUAN(空间)并行混合方法设计 检查个人、人际和环境因素如何位于PSH的风险环境中 与公共和私人空间互动，告知重返地球的健康状况。80次多方法访谈(即， 定性、定量和参与式测绘方法)，这些方法着眼于个人、人际和 环境再入因素将与以前被监禁的患有SMI的客户一起进行。收集的数据将 通过对多达20名参与者的顺畅采访来进行三角测量。届时，参与式地图绘制将 将对地理编码和确定为重要地点、经常参与和归属的地点进行评估 利用地理信息系统方法与空间客观特征的关系，如资源和治疗的可获得性或可达性 从而建立了社区复原力指数模型。此外，还将进行聚类分析以 识别和绘制药物过量和逮捕增加和减少的地区，并与社区重叠 复原力指数模型考察社区复原力与风险环境之间的关系。我 然后将与由2名提供者和6名曾被监禁的PSH居民组成的社区顾问委员会合作，以 综合调查结果，共同设计有针对性的多层次干预措施，旨在改善 通过公共空间参与重新进入幸福感。我提出的研究计划包括正式的活动 培训和专家指导(Michael McDonell博士、Benjamin Henwood博士、Ofer Amram博士、Chyrell博士 Bellamy，Susan Collins和Mark Salzer)在支持性住房，风险环境框架，空间 分析、干预发展、基于社区的参与性研究、心理健康和犯罪 法律制度。导师研究科学家发展奖(K01)将建立在我之前培训的基础上 和研究，让我追求我的长期职业目标，成为一名专注于独立调查的人 论公共空间和私人空间在支持人们从监狱重新进入中的使用和互动 与SMI合作。

ABSTRACT Formerly incarcerated people with serious mental illnesses (SMI) experience the criminal legal system unequally and have elevated rates of recidivism, homelessness, general medical problems, and substance use disorders. Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is a housing intervention often used during reentry, but it has limited resources for addressing community integration, a key component of reentry. PSH are often located in high-poverty environments with increased criminogenic risk. The geography of PSH also includes public spaces, which are associated with greater self-esteem, life satisfaction, a positive orientation toward recovery, independent employment, and access to tangible and social resources. The risk environment framework provides a structure for understanding the geography of PSH through its focus on the physical, social, economic, and policy influences on both the micro and macro environments. During reentry, individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors can interact with these environments to produce or reduce risk. If addressed, these factors can contribute to reentry wellbeing, through improved community participation and treatment engagement and reduced psychiatric distress and substance use, ultimately supporting more targeted interventions. The proposed study uses a rigorous nontraditional QUAL + QUAN (spatial) concurrent mixed-methods design to examine how individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors situated in the risk environments of PSH interact with public and private spaces to inform reentry wellbeing. Eighty multi-method interviews (i.e., qualitative, quantitative, and participatory mapping methods) that look at individual, interpersonal, and environmental reentry factors will be conducted with formerly incarcerated clients with SMI. Data collected will be triangulated with go-along interviews with up to 20 of the participants. Participatory mapping will then be geocoded and sites identified as places of importance, frequent participation, and belonging will be evaluated in relation to objective features of spaces like resource and treatment availability or accessibility using GIS methods in order to develop a community resilience index model. A cluster analysis will additionally be conducted to identify and map areas of increased and decreased drug overdose and arrest and overlaid with the community resilience index model to examine the relationship between community resilience and the risk environments. I will then partner with a community advisory board of 2 providers and 6 formerly incarcerated PSH residents to integrate the findings for the purpose of co-designing a targeted multilevel intervention aimed at improving reentry wellbeing through public space engagement. My proposed research plan integrates activities, formal training, and mentorship from experts (Drs. Michael McDonell, Benjamin Henwood, Ofer Amram, Chyrell Bellamy, Susan Collins, and Mark Salzer) in supportive housing, the risk environment framework, spatial analysis, intervention development, community-based participatory research, and the mental health and criminal legal systems. The Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) will build on my previous training and research to allow me to pursue my long-term career goal to become an independent investigator focused on the use and interaction of public and private spaces in supporting reentry from prisons and jails for people with SMI.