Resting State fMRI Functional and Effective Connectivity in Opioid and Cocaine Use Disorders

项目摘要和摘要 物质使用障碍是一个重大的公共卫生问题，需要改进治疗方法。 到目前为止，成瘾的临床前模型还没有很好地转化为改进的治疗选择。一种改进的 了解成瘾的临床神经生物学有助于完善临床前神经回路模型 这可能有助于指导未来的治疗方法的发展。一个工具可以帮助改进 对物质使用障碍的神经生物学理解是静息状态的脑功能磁化 磁共振成像(FMRI)。静息状态下的fMRI测量允许评估功能 连通性，或空间上不同的大脑区域之间活动模式的相关性。动态因果关系 建模-估计的有效(定向)连通性进一步估计 大脑区域。与专注于特定大脑区域作为独立角色的临床前模型相反 模块，人类研究强调将大脑作为大脑区域的功能网络进行分析 (Bressler&Menon，2010)。功能和有效的连接可以提供对大脑状态的洞察 组织成网络，以及这些网络在物质使用障碍中可能如何改变。研究如何 脑网络互动为物质使用障碍的神经生物学研究开辟了新的途径 其他相关的脑部疾病。然而，已发表的评估功能或有效连接的研究 在物质使用障碍的全脑网络之间，与健康对照组相比是缺乏的。在……里面 特别是，相对缺乏评估功能或有效连通性的研究 执行控制网络，尽管在物质使用障碍方面有充分的证据证明执行控制缺陷。 在药物使用障碍方面，网络内部和网络之间的强大和可复制的连接性差异可能 帮助改进成瘾的临床前模型，帮助为未来的药物治疗发展提供信息。现在 这项研究旨在评估网络之间的大脑功能连接和三个关键因素之间的有效连接 阿片类药物和药物中的脑网络(显著网络、默认模式网络和执行控制网络) 可卡因使用障碍患者与非药物使用对照组的比较。这项工程的竣工将 确定默认模式网络、突出度之间的功能和有效连接程度 网络和执行控制网络在阿片和可卡因使用障碍方面与非药物使用障碍不同 使用对照，为物质使用障碍的临床前和临床模型提供神经回路靶点。

Project Summary and Abstract Substance use disorders represent a major public health problem, and improved therapies are needed. To-date, pre-clinical models of addiction have not translated well into improved therapy options. An improved understanding of the clinical neurobiology of addictions can help refine preclinical neurocircuit models of addiction which may help inform the development of future therapies. One tool that can help improve the understanding of the neurobiology of substance use disorders is resting state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). fMRI measurements taken at rest allow for the assessment of functional connectivity, or correlations in activity patterns between spatially distinct brain regions. Dynamic Causal Modeling-estimated effective (directional) connectivity further estimates the direction of connectivity between brain regions. As opposed to preclinical models focused on specific brain regions acting as independent modules, human research has emphasized the analysis of the brain as functional networks of brain regions (Bressler & Menon, 2010). Functional and effective connectivity can provide insight into how the brain is organized into networks and how those networks may be altered in substance use disorders. The study of how brain networks interact opens a new avenue of research on the neurobiology of substance use disorders and other related brain disorders. However, published studies assessing functional or effective connectivity between whole brain networks in substance use disorders compared to healthy controls are lacking. In particular, there has been a relative lack of studies assessing functional or effective connectivity of the executive control network, despite well documented executive control deficits in substance use disorders. Robust and replicable within- and between-network connectivity differences in substance use disorders could help refine preclinical models of addiction helping to inform future pharmacotherapy development. The present study aims to assess between-network brain functional connectivity and effective connectivity among three key brain networks (Salience Network, Default Mode Network, and Executive Control Network) in opioid and cocaine use disorder subjects compared to non-drug using controls. The completion of this project will determine the extent to which functional and effective connectivity among the Default Mode Network, Salience Network, and Executive Control Network differs in opioid and cocaine use disorders compared to non-drug using controls, providing neurocircuit targets for preclinical and clinical models of substance use disorders.