Characterizing the recovery of spectral, temporal, and phonemic speech information from visual cues

项目摘要 听觉言语知觉对于听力正常的个体的社会、职业和情感健康至关重要。 然而，听觉信号的可靠性在日常设置中变化很大（例如，在拥挤的聚会上），要求 补充过程，以实现准确的语音感知。支持《公约》的主要机制 对退化听觉语音信号的感知是听觉-视觉（跨模态）交互， 使用由唇读，有节奏的发音运动， 以及口腔共鸣和嘴型之间的自然相关性。此外，接受性言语 过程可能受到各种原因的限制，包括内在脑肿瘤，中风，人工耳蜗植入 使用，和年龄相关的听力损失，使补偿跨模态机制必要的一个， 继续工作，保持健康的社会交往。然而，生理过程，使 视觉促进言语感知仍然知之甚少，也没有综合模型来解释这些 多个视觉维度联合收割机组合以增强听觉语音感知。在听觉领域， 神经元群体编码关于声学线索的频谱-时间信息，然后将其转码为 音素我们提出了一个双路感知模型，通过该模型，视觉信号与音素整合， 编码神经元。第一，视位到音位转换产生半重叠的直接路径 活动分布在上级颞回，导致通过改善听觉改善听力 音素调谐功能。第二，视觉特征还原光谱信息的间接路径 关于语音频率和改变音素反应时间，从而改善听觉频谱-时间 简档（简档又以更高的精度被转码为音素）。最后，我们将研究 假设我们的感知系统优化了这些视觉维度中的哪一个优先恢复 基于听觉信号中缺失的部分。这些研究将提供一个统一的框架， 感知受益于不同的视觉信号。通过理解生物学方法， 恢复退化的听觉语音信息，我们可以制定更有针对性的康复计划， 神经假体，以最大限度地恢复语音感知创伤后或在健康的老龄化。

Project Summary Auditory speech perception is essential for social, vocational, and emotional health in hearing individuals. However, the reliability of auditory signals varies widely in everyday settings (e.g., at a crowded party), requiring supplemental processes to enable accurate speech perception. The principle mechanisms that support the perception of degraded auditory speech signals are auditory-visual (crossmodal) interactions, which can perceptually restore speech content using visual cues provided by lipreading, rhythmic articulatory movements, and the natural correlations present between oral resonance and mouth shape. Moreover, receptive speech processes can be limited through a variety of causes, including intrinsic brain tumor, stroke, cochlear implant usage, and age-related hearing loss, making compensatory crossmodal mechanisms necessary for one to continue working and maintaining healthy social interactions. However, the physiological processes that enable vision to facilitate speech perception remain poorly understood and no integrative model exists for how these multiple visual dimensions combine to enhance auditory speech perception. In the auditory domain, distributed populations of neurons encode spectro-temporal information about acoustic cues that are then transcoded into phonemes. We propose a dual-route perceptual model through which visual signals integrate with phoneme- coded neurons. First, a direct path through which viseme-to-phoneme conversions generate semi-overlapping distributions of activity in the superior temporal gyrus, leading to improved hearing through improved auditory phoneme tuning functions. Second, an indirect path through which visual features restore spectral information about speech frequencies and alter phoneme-response timing, resulting in improved auditory spectro-temporal profiles (which in turn are transcoded into phonemes with greater precision). Finally, we will examine the hypothesis that our perceptual system optimizes which of these visual dimensions is prioritized for recovery based on what is missing from the auditory signal. These studies will provide a unified framework for how speech perception benefits from different visual signals. By understanding biological approaches to crossmodally restoring degraded auditory speech information, we can develop better targeted rehabilitation programs and neural prostheses to maximize speech perception recovery after trauma or during healthy aging.