Mechanisms of auditory selective attention for speech and non-speech stimuli

对言语和非言语刺激的听觉选择性注意机制

• 批准号: 10535232
• 负责人: Sahil Luthra
• 金额: $ 6.72万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10535232
• 关键词: Acoustics; Animal Experimentation; Animal Model; Animals; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Auditory; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Biomedical Engineering; Child; Cognition; Cognitive; Coupling; Diagnostic; Dimensions; Discrimination; Disease; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Explosion; Exposure to; Frequencies; Friends; Goals; Grain; Hearing Aids; Human; Impairment; Individual; Language Development Disorders; Learning; Link; Literature; Loudness; Measures; Modeling; Monitor; Neurobiology; Noise; Perception; Performance; Phase; Population; Psychophysics; Regimen; Research; Scientist; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Veterans; Voice; Weight; Work; base; directed attention; experience; experimental study; human model; improved; indexing; insight; interest; neuromechanism; relating to nervous system; remediation; response; selective attention; speech processing; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT In ecological listening environments, individuals must direct attention toward a specific source (e.g., the voice of a friend) while ignoring simultaneous background noise (e.g., other patrons in a café). Moreover, listeners must direct attention toward specific dimensions within an auditory source (e.g., frequencies useful for distinguishing between different speech sounds). A widely held but untested assumption is that these source-based and dimension-based forms of auditory selective attention are supported by common mechanisms. Human studies have historically focused on source-based attention using speech stimuli, while nonhuman animal studies have primarily investigated dimension-based attention with non-speech stimuli; there is thus an empirical gap between these literatures, making it unclear how well the animal studies can model human behavior. More generally, the mechanisms that support auditory selective attention remain underspecified. For instance, extant research suggests that selective attention involves enhancing representations of key information, but it is unclear whether selective attention also involves actively suppressing irrelevant information. Thus, the goal of the proposed project is to clarify the cognitive and neural mechanisms that support auditory selective attention. The first aim is to determine whether auditory selective attention involves suppression of irrelevant information. The key scientific premise is to use training as a tool for triangulating mechanism. That is, if selective attention involves suppression of irrelevant auditory dimensions, then training that improves a listener’s ability to suppress irrelevant auditory information should be associated with concomitant gains in auditory selective attention. Listeners will receive eight days of auditory training that either will require them to perform increasingly fine- grained processing in a target frequency band (promoting enriched representations of target dimensions) or will place increasing demands on the extent to which they must suppress irrelevant auditory dimensions (e.g., a non- target frequency band). Of interest is whether training is associated with improved auditory selective attention, as measured through classic behavioral and electrophysiological indices of attention. The second aim is to determine whether different forms of auditory selective attention (e.g., source-based and dimension-based) are supported by common mechanisms. If they are, then training that leads to improvements in one type of auditory selective attention (e.g., dimension-based) should generalize to another (e.g., source-based). Listeners will complete tests of generalization before, midway through, and after the training regimen. Of interest is whether an improved ability to attend to target auditory dimensions is associated with an improved ability to direct attention toward a specific source. Tests will also assess whether training with non-speech stimuli generalizes to speech. The results will provide insight into the extent to which different forms of auditory selective attention are supported by common mechanisms. Overall, the proposed work will clarify the mechanisms supporting auditory selective attention and provide a vital missing link between the nonhuman animal and human literatures.

项目总结/摘要 在生态收听环境中，个人必须将注意力集中到特定的源（例如，的声音 朋友）而忽略同时的背景噪声（例如，咖啡馆里的其他顾客）。此外，听众必须 将注意力引向听觉源内的特定维度（例如，频率用于区分 不同的语音）。一个广泛持有但未经检验的假设是，这些基于来源的和 基于维度的听觉选择性注意形式由共同机制支持。人类研究 在历史上，研究人员一直专注于使用语音刺激的基于源的注意力，而非人类动物研究则 主要研究了非言语刺激的基于维度的注意力;因此， 这些文献，使人们不清楚如何以及动物研究可以模拟人类行为。更一般地 支持听觉选择性注意的机制仍然不明确。例如，现有的研究 表明，选择性注意涉及增强关键信息的表征，但目前尚不清楚是否 选择性注意还包括主动抑制无关信息。因此，拟议的目标 这个项目的目的是阐明支持听觉选择性注意的认知和神经机制。第一个目标 是确定听觉选择性注意是否涉及对无关信息的抑制。关键 科学的前提是以培训为工具，建立三角机制。也就是说，如果选择性注意涉及到 抑制不相关的听觉维度，然后进行训练，提高听者的抑制能力， 不相关的听觉信息应该与听觉选择性注意的伴随增益相关联。 听众将接受为期八天的听觉训练，要么要求他们表现得越来越好- 目标频带中的粒度处理（促进目标维度的丰富表示），或者将 对它们必须抑制不相关的听觉维度的程度提出了越来越多的要求（例如，一个非 目标频带）。有趣的是，训练是否与改善听觉选择性注意力有关， 这是通过经典的注意力行为和电生理指标来测量的。第二个目标是 确定不同形式的听觉选择性注意（例如，基于源和基于维）是 由共同机制支持。如果是的话，那么训练可以改善一种听觉系统， 选择性注意（例如，基于维度的）应该推广到另一个（例如，来源）。听众会 在训练之前、中途和之后完成概括测试。有趣的是， 注意目标听觉维度的改进的能力与指导目标听觉维度的改进的能力相关联。 注意特定的来源。测试还将评估非言语刺激的训练是否能推广 演讲。这些结果将提供对不同形式的听觉选择性注意在多大程度上 由共同机制支持。总的来说，拟议的工作将澄清支持 听觉选择性注意，并提供了非人类动物和人类文献之间的重要缺失环节。