Communicating Cancer Risk of Alcohol: Impact of Narrative Pictorial Warning Labels

项目摘要 酒精消费是癌症的一个主要可改变的风险因素，沿着烟草使用和过量的身体 重量.然而，在美国，关于酒精和癌症风险之间联系的知识很少。 对烟草标签的研究表明，放置图形警告标签（PWL）可以提高消费者的 提高风险意识，减少消费。这些结果表明，类似的方法，使用 含酒精产品的PWL将提高风险意识并减少酒精消费。 然而，一个长期存在的问题是，这种警告中使用的典型图形或令人震惊的图像可能会导致 回避和抵制，这可能会降低信息的有效性和公众对图片警告的支持。 一个潜在的解决方案是设计PWLs，以关注人的叙事内容为特色，例如癌症 病人在医疗环境中，以捕捉注意力和抵消反应。拟议项目旨在 开发和评估叙事PWLs对视觉注意力，信息反应，风险 减少和停止饮酒的观念和意图。为了实现这些目标，拟议项目 将包括两个阶段：（1）以叙事和传统的非叙事格式开发酒精PWLs 利用现有的研究和焦点小组的方法;（2）实验测试叙事的效果 与使用注意力客观测量（眼动跟踪）的成年酒精使用者中的非叙述性PWL相比 以及自我报告的反应、风险感知和意图的测量。方法是创新的 因为我们将明确测试视觉叙事警告对注意力和信息反应的影响， 并通过使用眼睛跟踪提供对注意力的客观和直接的测量。与这些 方法，这项研究将奠定基础，了解机制，视觉叙事 警告传达健康风险并促进行为改变。这个早期项目的结果 还将为有效警告标签的对照试验提供基础， 提高风险意识，减少美国的整体酒精消费。

Project Summary Alcohol consumption is a major modifiable risk factor for cancer, along with tobacco use and excess body weight. However, knowledge about the link between alcohol and cancer risk is poor in the United States. Research on tobacco labels has shown that placing pictorial warning labels (PWLs) improves consumer awareness of risks and decreases consumption. These results suggest that a similar approach to using PWLs on alcohol-containing products would raise awareness of risks and decrease alcohol consumption. Yet, one standing issue is that the typical graphic or shocking images used in such warnings can cause avoidance and reactance, which can lower message effectiveness and public support for pictorial warnings. A potential solution is to design PWLs that feature narrative content focused on people, such as cancer patients in medical settings, to capture attention and counteract reactance. The proposed project aims to develop and evaluate the impact of narrative PWLs on visual attention, message reactance, risk perceptions, and intentions to reduce and stop drinking. To accomplish these aims, the proposed project will include two phases: (1) Developing alcohol PWLs in narrative and conventional, non-narrative formats using existing research and focus group methods; and (2) Experimentally testing the effect of narrative versus non-narrative PWLs among adult alcohol users using objective measures of attention (eye tracking) and self-report measures of reactance, risk perceptions, and intentions. The approach is innovative because we will explicitly test the impact of visual narrative warnings on attention and message reactance, and provide an objective and direct measurement of attention by using eye tracking. With these approaches, this study will lay the groundwork for understanding the mechanisms by which visual narrative warnings communicate health risks and promote behavioral change. Findings of this early-stage project will also provide the foundation for a controlled trial of effective warning labels designed to increase public awareness of risks and decrease the overall alcohol consumption in the United States.