Outreach

自1974年《小岛屿发展中国家法案》通过以来，国家发展与发展中心一直是小岛屿发展中国家研究的牵头机构。小岛屿发展中国家是一种原因不明的综合症，被定义为一岁以下婴儿突然死亡，即使经过彻底的病例调查、尸检和临床病史审查，仍然无法解释。小岛屿发展中国家是美国新生儿后期死亡的主要原因。根据国家卫生统计中心的数据，2004年小岛屿发展中国家的死亡率为0.55/ 1000。1994年，在美国儿科学会（AAP）推荐仰卧睡姿为1岁以下婴儿最安全的睡姿后，全国“回归睡眠”公共健康教育运动启动。趴着睡是小岛屿发展中国家的主要危险因素。该运动提倡让婴儿仰卧睡觉，以降低小岛屿发展中国家的风险。它由美国国立卫生研究院与以下活动发起人合作领导：美国儿科学会，HRSA妇幼卫生局，第一蜡烛/小岛屿发展中国家联盟以及小岛屿发展中国家和婴儿死亡率计划协会。自从发起这项运动以来，小岛屿发展中国家在所有种族群体中的比例下降了50%。然而，尽管这项运动总体上取得了成功，非洲裔美国婴儿比白人婴儿更常被放在俯卧的位置上睡觉。非洲裔美国婴儿的小岛屿发展障碍发生率是白人婴儿的两倍。为了从战略上解决这一差距，NICHD与三个全国妇女领导组织——Alpha Kappa Alpha姐妹会、全国100名黑人妇女联盟和全国有色人种协进会妇女联盟——结成了战略联盟。这个名为“拯救儿童之旅”的联盟致力于降低非洲裔美国婴儿患小岛屿发展中疾病的风险。

The NICHD has been the lead agency for research on SIDS since the SIDS Act was passed in 1974. SIDS is a syndrome of unknown cause and is defined as the sudden death of an infant under one year of age, which remains unexplained even after a thorough case investigation, autopsy and review of the clinical history. SIDS is the leading cause of post neonatal mortality in the U.S. According the National Center for Health Statistics, the 2004 SIDS rate is 0.55/1,000 live births. The national Back to Sleep public health education campaign was launched in 1994 after the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended back sleeping as the safest sleep position for infants under 1 year of age. Stomach sleeping is a major risk factor for SIDS. The campaign promotes placing babies on their backs to sleep to reduce the risk of SIDS. It is led by the NIH in collaboration with the following campaign sponsors: AAP, Maternal and Child Health Bureau of HRSA, First Candle/SIDS Alliance, and the Association of SIDS and Infant Mortality Programs. Since the launch of the campaign, the SIDS rate has dropped by 50 percentamong all racial groups. However, despite the overall success of the campaign, African American infants are placed to sleep on their stomachs more often than white infants. The SIDS rate for African American infants is two times greater than that of white infants. To strategically address this disparity, the NICHD formed a strategic alliance with three national women's leadership organizations -- The Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority, The National Coalition of 100 Black Women, and the Women of the NAACP. This alliance, called the Journey to Save Our Children focuses on reducing the risk of SIDS in African American infants.