Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease and Death

描述(由申请人提供)：这个修订后的竞争性重新提交早期指标后期工作水平，疾病和死亡(EL)计划项目的基础是在2004年发现，1900年美国主要城市病房之间的健康和死亡率差距不仅远远大于人们所认识的(约10：1)，而且到1950年，最差和最好病房之间的差距已经缩小了84%。当分析推后到19世纪时，人们发现，当纵向分析1860年17个最大城市的年轻成年人死亡率时，远远高于之前通过时期寿命表揭示的数据。从这些城市中幸存下来的联邦军队(UA)新兵的死亡率如此之高，以至于他们的经历以EO约为28.6岁的生命表为特征，这大约比农村地区的预期寿命少17.7岁。要解释城市内部和城市之间以及农村地区之间的差距，以及导致这些差距在1830年至1950年期间得到改善的社会、经济和生物人口因素，需要建立一个具有能够解释这一过程的生态变量的数据集。这些数据的收集和管理占该方案项目成本的四分之三。四个分析项目启动了对新数据的分析：项目1将分析UA士兵和退伍军人的社会经济和健康状况在生命过程中如何相互作用，强调不同亚群和不同时期的相互作用。项目2关注的是那些活到95岁或以上的退伍军人(队列中最后2%的人)，将他们的衰老过程与第一次世界大战前出生的人进行比较，并调查早期生活环境压力的影响是否即使在非常年迈的时候也存在。项目3分析了在不同的生命周期中暴露在城市环境中的严重环境对老龄化进程的影响。项目4涉及老龄化进程中城乡之间的差异。 相关性：这个项目与20世纪美国特定年龄段发病率和死亡率显著下降的原因有关。它评估了环境条件差距的缩小对美国和其他富裕国家以及第三世界国家健康和寿命的长期改善的相对贡献。它还为预测婴儿潮和婴儿匮乏一代的父母和祖父母经历的生命周期健康改善对其后代健康的影响以及21世纪上半叶老龄化过程中可能发生的一些变化提供了基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The foundation of this revised competitive resubmission of the Early Indicators of Later Work Levels, Disease and Death (El) program project is the discovery in 2004 that disparities in health and mortality across the wards of the major US cities in 1900 were not only far greater (on the order of 10-to-1) than recognized, but that 84% of the disparities between the worst and best wards had diminished by 1950. When the analysis was pushed back into the 19th century, it was discovered that young adult death rates in the 17 largest cities of 1860, when analyzed longitudinally, were far higher than previously revealed by period life tables. Union Army (UA) recruits from these cities who survived the Civil War had die off rates so high that their experience is characterized by life tables with eo of about 28.6 years, which is about 17.7 years less than life expectancy in rural areas. The explanation of the disparity within and across cities, as well as across rural areas, and the social, economic, and biodemographic factors that lead to the amelioration of these disparities between 1830 and 1950 requires the creation of a data set with ecological variables capable of explaining the process. The collection and management of these data account for three-fourths of the cost of this program project. Four analytical projects initiate the analysis of the new data: Project 1 will analyze how the socioeconomic and health status of UA soldiers and veterans interacted with each other over the life course, stressing interactions across different sub-populations and times. Project 2 focuses on those veterans who lived to be age 95 or older (the last 2% of the cohort) comparing their aging processes with those born just before World War I and investigating whether the effects of earlier life environmental stress persist even to very old ages. Project 3 analyses the impact of exposure to severe within urban environments over different spans of the life course on the process of aging. Project 4 deals with the differences across urban and rural areas in the process of aging. RELEVANCE: This project bears on the explanation for the marked decline in US age-specific morbidity and mortality rates over the 20th century. It assesses the relative contribution of the decrease in disparities in environmental conditions to long-term improvement in health and longevity in the US and other rich nations and in the Third World. It also provides a basis for forecasting the impact of life-cycle improvements in health experienced by parents and grandparents of baby-boom and baby-dearth generations on the health of their progeny and some likely changes in the process of aging in the first half of the 21st century.