NURTIENT RESTRICTION: FETAL BABOON BRIAN DEVELOPMENT

介绍 绝大多数脑胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）研究都是在啮齿动物模型中进行的。 然而，事实上，灵长类动物在怀孕期间（G）的大脑发育发生在出生后 在实验室啮齿动物中是啮齿动物模型中的明显缺点[1]。此外，重要的是 强调赖斯和巴隆提出的一个观点，即”...白化病动物的视觉和听觉系统 所有种属中的大多数都是异常的;因此，当 神经系统是很重要的。“[2]。这一非常重要的告诫使得在《公约》中提出的意见必须得到重视。 在假定适用于人类之前，应在灵长类动物模型中确认大鼠。本申请 研究了30%母体（M）营养限制（NR）对灵长类动物胎儿大脑发育的影响 模型，狒狒。该范例不会使胎儿体重减轻;然而，正如将要显示的， 确实会使发育中的大脑中的许多参数急剧下降。此外，我们的30% MNR 范例降低了胎儿血尿素氮，因此提示胎儿NR，并证明体重是 这是一个非常差的胎儿NR指标。我们选择观察额叶皮层，因为它是大脑的一个区域， 在啮齿动物模型中已经显示，即使是相对温和的（等热量，三分之二） 蛋白质较少）营养限制[3]，我们希望确定是否会在灵长类动物中看到类似的结果 模型此外，我们认为，这一领域的NR效应将反映在其他领域， 因此，我们将保留其他脑区以供将来研究。对此的调查 在伦理上，不能在人类身上进行;这一事实使得研究在一个大脑类似于人类的模型中进行。 像狒狒这样的人类，就更加迫切了。如果没有这方面的知识，诊断程序和 无法设计缺陷的治疗方法，也无法规划积极干预的战略。

Introduction The vast majority of brain insulin-like growth factor (IGF) studies have been done in rodent models. However, the fact that much of brain development that goes on during gestation (G) in primates occurs postnatally in laboratory rodents is a clear disadvantage in rodent models [1]. In addition, it is important to emphasize a point made by Rice and Barone that"... both the visual and auditory systems of albino animals of all species are abnormal; therefore, albino rats or mice are a poor choice for assessment when the nervous system is of interest." [2]. This very important caveat makes it imperative that observations made in rats be confirmed in a primate model prior to assuming applicability to humans. The present application looks at the effects of 30% maternal (M) nutrient restriction (NR) on fetal brain development in a primate model, the baboon. The paradigm does not produce weight loss in the fetus; however as will be shown, it does produce dramatic reductions in many parameters in the developing brain. In addition, our 30% MNR paradigm reduces fetal blood urea nitrogen thus suggesting fetal NR and demonstrating that body weight is a very poor indicator of fetal NR. We have chosen to look at the frontal cortex since it is an area of the brain that has been shown in rodent models to be adversely affected by even relatively mild (isocaloric, two thirds less protein) nutrient restriction [3] and we wish to determine if a similar result will be seen in a primate model. In addition, we believe that NR effects in this area will be mirrored by detriments in other areas such as the cerebellum and accordingly, we will retain other brain areas for future studies. Investigations of this type cannot ethically be done in humans; this fact makes studies in a model with a brain that is similar to humans such as the baboon, all the more urgent. Without knowledge in this area, diagnostic procedures and therapies for deficits cannot be designed and strategies for pro-active interventions cannot be planned.