Characterization of Floor Level Aerosol (PM) Exposure and Childhood Asthma

描述(由申请人提供)：建议进行一项研究，以改进和评估一种新的装置，以改善对一岁儿童和幼儿室内可吸入颗粒物暴露的估计。由于他们经常在地板上玩耍，这些儿童接触PM10颗粒物和空气成分的水平可能比年龄较大的儿童和成年人高得多，这些颗粒物和空气成分被称为哮喘。共有200名6至35个月大的儿童将从社区诊所登记。家长将接受标准化哮喘问卷(ISAC)，以确定哮喘症状的存在和频率。将定性和定量地描述暴露的特征，以检查是否通过使用个人监测的替代物获得对PM10暴露的更准确的估计。这项研究将采用已开发并经过初步测试的幼儿可吸入颗粒物环境机器人(Piper)采样器原型的修订版。采样将使用固定高度的固定采样站(所有乐器的进气口高度为110厘米)和自动推进的计算机化风笛采样器(所有乐器的进气口可在离地面20至110厘米之间变化)来进行采样，以反映这些儿童在地板上玩耍时不同的呼吸高度。每个家庭将有四个参数：1)通过实时监测设备测量PM10颗粒的质量浓度；2)实时的颗粒大小和数量分布(0.3-10微米)；3)过滤器上的空气采样，以详细描述PM10成分(杀虫剂、过敏原和内毒素)；4)在玻璃片上收集的空气传播真菌(活的和不活的)的浓度和组成。将对4种监测类型中的每一种同时收集测量数据。对蟑螂(Bla G Yz)、尘螨(Der f 1/p 1)、狗(Can F 1)、猫(Pel D 1)和小鼠(Mus Ml)的内毒素、霉菌和过敏原的实验室分析结果将被评估与哮喘症状报告的相关性。这项研究试图提供一种替代个人监测的方法，以监测儿童可能经历的各种环境暴露，这些环境暴露可能是太小而不能用常规方法评估的，包括那些第一年出生的儿童。此外，它还将为更准确地估计儿童早期接触气雾剂PM10部分中的哮喘的机会开辟了一条途径。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A research study is proposed to refine and evaluate a new device to improve the estimation of indoor exposure to inhalable particulate for both children in the first year of life and toddlers. Because they frequently play on the floor, these children may experience significantly higher levels of exposure than older children and adults to PM10 particles and airborne constituents, which are known asthmagens. A total of 200 children ages 6 to 35 months will be enrolled from neighborhood clinics. Parents will be administered a standardized asthma questionnaire (ISAAC) to determine presence and frequency of asthma symtpoms. Exposures will be characterized both qualitatively and quantitatively, to examine if the more precise estimation of PM10 exposure obtained by using a surrogate for personal monitoring. The study will employ a revised iteration of a prototype Pre-Toddler Inhalable Particulate Environmental Robotic (PIPER) Sampler that has been developed and undergone preliminary testing. Sampling will be carried out with both a fixed height stationary sampling station, where inlets of all instruments will be at 110 cm height, and the self- propelled computerized PIPER sampler, where inlets of all instruments can be varied between 20 to 110cm above the floor to mirror the varied breathing heights of these children while engaged in play on the floor. Four parameters will be for each household: 1) mass concentration of PM10 particles measured by a real- time monitoring device; 2) real-time particle size and number distribution (0.3-10 urn); 3) air sampling on filters for detailed characterization of the PM10 constituents (pesticides, allergens, and endotoxins); 4) concentration and composition of airborne fungi (viable and non-viable) collected on glass slides. Measurements will be collected in tandem for each of the 4 types of monitoring. The results of the laboratory analysis for endotoxins, molds and allergens for cockroaches (Bla g Yz), dust mites (Der f 1/p 1), dog (Can f 1), cat (Pel d 1) and mouse (Mus ml) will be evaluated for association with reporting of asthma symptoms This study seeks to provide an alternative to personal monitoring for a variety of environmental exposures that may be experienced by children too young to be assessed by conventional methods, including those in their first year of life. In addition, it will open up an avenue for more precise estimation of early childhood exposures to asthmagens in the PM10 fraction of aerosols.