Non-invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring of Physiological Parameter

在电子小型化、探头构造技术和计算能力的进步的驱动下，医疗超声正经历着向具有实时体积成像能力的更小、更低成本系统的趋势。这些新的属性提供了机会，以改善和扩大超声的临床效用，以新的应用。小型化和新的属性相结合，允许扩大到以前服务不足的人口。用于筛查和监测的心血管参数，例如在床边或门诊环境中，是可以受益于定量非侵入性测量的未开发领域之一。动脉参数的连续和准确测量将为疾病的早期检测和更有效的治疗提供额外的信息，例如动脉粥样硬化和高血压，而任何新的测量的临床效用最终将由可靠性决定。对体外和体内模型的初步研究表明，超声血流动力学测量在实验室环境中的潜力。 该提案旨在开发和验证下一代容积超声系统上新的心血管应用的定量血流动力学测量。技术开发特别关注以下方面的可靠测量算法：（1）定量动脉面积和体积流速，（2）动脉顺应性，以及（3）连续血压。该方法利用体积超声提供结构信息，允许将典型的定性超声测量转换为定量测量。通过将体积超声与自动方法相结合来定位血管并连续处理数据，可以将可靠性和易用性提高到不需要超声检查员的程度。针对这些可行性研究，将修改从现有硬件开发的简化3-D架构，并将验证基于超声的定量血流动力学测量，并在麻醉和清醒犬模型的急性和慢性研究期间，在各种生理条件下使用侵入性流量和压力传感器量化测量变化。

Driven by advances in electronic miniaturization, probe construction techniques and computing power, medical ultrasound is experiencing a trend toward smaller, lower cost systems with real-time volumetric imaging capabilities. These new attributes provide the opportunity to improve and expand the clinical utility of ultrasound to new applications. The combination of miniaturization and new attributes permits the expansion to previously underserved populations. Cardiovascular parameters for screening and monitoring, such as in a bedside or ambulatory setting, is one of these untapped areas that can benefit from quantitative, non-invasive measurements. Continuous and accurate measures of arterial parameters will provide additional information for earlier detection and more effective treatment of diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, while the clinical utility of any new measure will ultimately be determine by the reliability. Preliminary studies on in vitro and in vivo models have shown the potential of ultrasound hemodynamic measures in a laboratory setting. The proposal aims to develop and validate quantitative hemodynamic measures for new cardiovascular applications on next generation volumetric ultrasound systems. The technical development specifically focuses on reliable measurement algorithms for (1) quantitative arterial area and volumetric flow rate, (2) arterial compliance, and (3) continuous blood pressure. The approach utilizes volumetric ultrasound to provide structural information allowing typical qualitative ultrasound measures to be converted into quantitative measures. By combining volumetric ultrasound with automatic methods to locate the vessel and continuously process the data, the reliability and ease of use can be improved to the point where a sonographer is not required. A simplified 3-D architecture developed from existing hardware will be modified for these feasibility studies, and the ultrasound-based quantitative hemodynamic measures will be validated and the measurement variation quantified using invasive flow and pressure sensors under a variety of physiological conditions during acute and chronic studies in anesthetized and conscious canine models.