Feeding Readiness in Preterm Infants

描述(由申请者提供)：项目摘要：每年出生的500,000名早产儿面临的一个主要挑战是从灌胃喂养过渡到口服喂养。大多数早产儿在医院期间都是用奶粉或纯母乳进行奶瓶喂养。因此，早产儿的奶瓶喂养管理是医院护理的一个关键方面。由于几乎没有循证的方案来指导临床医生实现口服喂养的能力，已经脆弱的婴儿在这一复杂和关键的维持生命活动中受到反复试验的影响。这项研究建立在国家护理研究所(NINR)资助的一项研究的基础上，在该研究中，发病率、成熟度和喂养经验预测了喂养结果。这项研究将前瞻性地测试四种不同的过渡到完全口腔喂养的方法。这项拟议的研究将提供有关如何帮助早产儿从灌胃过渡到全口喂养的重要信息，以及这一过渡可能如何影响长期发育。本应用的具体目的是：1)测试四种口服喂养方法的引入和进展；2)测试发病率、成熟度、经验和行为状态对早产儿喂养结果的影响；3)评估喂养方法对临床结果的影响；以及4)估计喂养方法对出院后喂养过渡结果的影响。这项研究的目的与NINR为终生护理个人建立科学基础的努力是一致的。具体地说，这项研究将改善早产儿的临床护理，并将促进这些儿童更好的临床和健康相关结果。一项前瞻性、随机化的实验设计将被用来测试四种不同的过渡到完全口服喂养的方法。数据将在14天的入院、出院时和出院后2周从婴儿身上收集。数据将使用混合模型方法进行分析。相关性：每年有超过500,000名早产儿出生，当他们在医院时，喂养这些婴儿是一个重大的临床挑战。婴儿在住院期间的喂养方式对健康和发育有长期影响。这项研究将帮助新生儿重症监护病房的护士和家庭提供喂养护理，可能会导致更短的住院时间和改善发育结果。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary: A major challenge-facing the 500,000 preterm infants born each year is the transition from gavage to oral feedings. Most preterm infants are bottle fed either formula or expressed breast milk while in the hospital. Thus, management of bottle feedings in preterm infants is a key aspect of hospital care. As there are few evidence-based protocols to guide clinicians in achieving competence at oral feeding, already vulnerable infants are subject to a trial-and-error approach to this complex and critical life-sustaining activity. This study builds on a National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) funded study in which morbidity, maturity, and feeding experience predicted feeding outcomes. This study will prospectively test four different approaches to the transition to full oral feedings. The proposed study will provide important information about ways to assist preterm infants to make the transition from gavage to full oral feeding and how the transition may affect longer term development. The specific aims of this application are to: 1)Test four approaches to oral feeding introduction and progression; 2) Test the effect morbidity, maturity, experience and behavior state on feeding outcomes in preterm infants; 3) Estimate the effect of feeding approaches on clinical outcomes; and 4) Estimate the effect of feeding approaches on feeding transition outcomes after discharge. The study aims are consistent with the NINR's efforts to establish a scientific basis for care of individuals across the life span. Specifically, the study will improve clinical care of preterm infants and will promote better clinical and health related outcomes of these children. A prospective, randomized, experimental design will be used to test four different approaches to the transition to full oral feedings. Data will be collected from infants during the 14 day approaches, at discharge, and 2-weeks post-discharge. Data will be analyzed using a mixed-models approach. Relevance: Over 500,000 preterm infants are born each year and feeding these infants is a major clinical challenge while they are in the hospital. How infants are fed during their hospitalization has long term consequences on health and development. This study will help nurses and families in neonatal intensive care units provide feeding care that may result in shorter hospital stays and improved developmental outcomes.