Dispersal and Phylogeography of Aedes aegypti

项目描述（由申请人提供）：本项目研究南佛罗里达州黄热病蚊子埃及伊蚊线粒体和微卫星位点遗传变异的空间分布。埃及伊蚊是一种居住在容器中的蚊子，是黄热病和登革热病毒的主要媒介。因此，埃及伊蚊的扩散、定植和再定植（例如，在控制努力之后）是了解这一极其重要物种种群结构和了解其传播潜力的关键过程，这可能会削弱当地媒介控制工作并可能影响人类健康。本文结合分子种群遗传学、系统地理学、景观生态学和地理信息系统（GIS）对伊蚊的扩散、基因流动和种群结构的两个假设进行了验证。南佛罗里达的埃及伊蚊。假设1：容器持久性和人类运输影响埃及伊蚊在城市范围内的遗传结构和传播模式。为了验证这一假设，我们将量化在坦帕和迈阿密永久容器和短暂容器中发现的种群的不同数量的自然和人为辅助扩散所产生的基因流动模式的差异。假设2：人类土地利用决定的传播走廊和屏障影响了佛罗里达半岛范围内埃及伊蚊的基因流动模式。为了验证这一假设，我们将对伊蚊进行系统地理学分析。利用地理信息系统的工具，并将我们的种群之间的遗传和地理距离测量相关联，对南佛罗里达州东西海岸的埃及伊蚊种群进行了研究。这项工作具有重要意义，因为：1)它将有助于理解这种非常重要的病媒的传播、基因流动和定植，并指出可能发生再定植的传播路线和地理规模（例如，在根除后）。亚热带气候和来自热带地区的人类移民使佛罗里达州成为美国大陆最有可能成为伊蚊的焦点地区。埃及伊蚊传播的病毒。2)这将为在人类主导的景观中研究其他蚊子的类似问题提供一个模型。我们的地理采样策略，利用差异信息mtDNA和微卫星DMA标记，整合GIS分析，明确测试基因流动模式的假设，可以推广到解决其他蚊子的类似问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project investigates the spatial distribution of genetic variation at mitochondrial and micro-satellite loci for the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, in South Florida. Aedes aegypti is a container-dwelling mosquito that is a major vector of yellow fever and dengue viruses. Dispersal, colonization, and re-colonization (e.g., following control efforts) by Aedes aegypti are thus crucial processes for understanding population structure of this extremely important species, and for understanding its potential for spreading, which may erode local vector control efforts and potentially impact human health. We combine molecular population genetics, phylogeography, landscape ecology, and GIS to test two hypotheses about dispersal, gene flow, and population structure of Ae. aegypti in S. Florida. HYPOTHESIS 1: Container permanence and human transport affect genetic structure and dispersal pattern of Aedes aegypti at the scale of the urban area. To test this hypothesis, we will quantify differences in gene flow patterns arising from different amounts of natural and human-aided dispersal for populations found in permanent vs. ephemeral containers in Tampa and Miami. HYPOTHESIS 2: Dispersal corridors and barriers determined by human land use affect gene flow patterns in Aedes aegypti at the scale of the Florida peninsula. To test this hypothesis we will conduct a phylogeographic analysis of Ae. aegypti populations on the east and west coasts of south Florida, applying the tools of GIS and correlating our measures of genetic and geographis distances among populations. This proposed work is significant because: 1) It will contribute to the understanding of dispersal, gene flow, and colonization of this very important vector, and indicate likely dispersal routes and geographic scale over which re-colonization (e.g., after eradication) may occur. A subtropical climate and human immigration from the tropics make Florida the area of the continental US most likely to become a focus for Ae. aegypti borne viruses. 2) It will provide a model for approaches to investigating similar questions for other mosquitoes within human dominated landscapes. Our geographic sampling strategy, use of differentially informative mtDNA and microsatellite DMA markers, integration of GIS analysis, and explicit testing of hypotheses about patterns of gene flow can be generalized to address similar questions for other mosquitoes.