fMRI of Stress & Self-Control in Smoking & Obesity (7 of 14)

肥胖和吸烟是导致老年人发病和死亡的两个最主要原因。 美国。压力和自制力减弱是导致肥胖的两个重要因素 吸烟，以及其他有可能上瘾的行为。然而，还没有研究系统地检查 肥胖和肥胖患者自我控制、应激、食物相关和吸烟相关反应的神经相关性 烟草吸烟者。在这里，我们建议检查肥胖吸烟者、肥胖非吸烟者、正常体重 吸烟者和正常体重的非吸烟者，在我们为功能性调整的引导图像范例中 磁共振成像(FMRI)与自我控制和相关的行为测量 结构(例如，冲动和决策)。我们之前的fMRI工作是使用引导图像范例 已经研究了大脑对压力、药物提示或中性放松条件的激活模式在 对可卡因或酒精上瘾的人来自那些没有这些上瘾的人。我们的发现表明 可卡因或酒精依赖的受试者在边缘区域表现出相对较强的激活 与对照组受试者相比，前额叶皮质内的激活减少。达到的程度 哪种相似的模式是否适用于吸烟者或肥胖者具有重要的临床意义 这意味着什么。也就是说，识别吸烟和吸烟的共同和独特的神经底物 肥胖不仅对我们如何对疾病进行概念化，而且对 为目前影响这些疾病的疾病制定改进的预防和治疗战略 数以百万计的美国人。自我控制的影响因素及其相关因素的考察 与吸烟和肥胖组中的功能磁共振测量相关的结构应提供 与制定有针对性的预防和治疗战略有关的其他信息。

Obesity and tobacco smoking represent two of the most substantial causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Stress and diminished self-control are two important factors associated with obesity, tobacco smoking, and other behaviors with addictive potential. However, no studies have systematically examined the neural correlates of self-control, stress, food-related, and smoking-related responses in obese and tobacco smoking subjects. Here we propose examining obese smokers, obese non-smokers, normal weight smokers, and normal weight non-smokers in a guided imagery paradigm that we have adapted for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in conjunction with behavioral measures of self-control and related constructs (e.g., impulsivity and decision-making). Our prior fMRI work using the guided imagery paradigm has examined how brain activation patterns to stress, drug cue, or neutral-relaxing conditions differ in individuals with addictions to cocaine or alcohol from those without these addictions. Our findings indicate that subjects with cocaine or alcohol dependence show relatively greater activations within limbic regions and diminished activation within prefrontal cortex as compared to control comparison subjects. The extent to which similar patterns extend or do not to tobacco smokers or obese people has important clinical implications. That is, the identification of common and unique neural substrates to tobacco smoking and obesity has important implications not only for how we conceptualize the disorders, but also for the development of improved prevention and treatment strategies for these conditions that currently impact millions of people in the United States. The examination of the influence of self-control and related constructs in relation to the fMRI measures in the tobacco smoking and obese groups should provide additional information with relevance to the development of targeted prevention and treatment strategies.