Alcohol in Aviation and Motor Carriers

这项提议的广泛的、长期的目标是更好地理解酒精在 航空和机动承运人事故，并提高运输安全。具体目标是：(1) 确定航空和航空安全敏感员工中违反酒精行为的点位流行率 机动车承运人；(2)量化航空和机动车承运人事故的相对风险 (三)检查强制性酒精测试项目对酒精的阻吓作用 航空雇员和商用卡车司机的违规行为；以及(4)评估 强制性酒精测试计划，以减少航空和机动承运人事故。 1991年的《综合运输员工测试法案》要求具有以下安全的员工- 在各种情况下对敏感功能进行酒精测试。强制酒精测试 随机测试、合理怀疑测试和事故后测试等计划 自1995年以来在航空和汽车承运人行业实施，但没有经过严格评估。 这项申请是关于酒精和通用航空的R01拨款的竞争性延续(即， 非商业性航班)。在母项目中，调查人员跟踪了335,672名通用航空公司的队列 对飞行员进行了七年的调查，发现醉酒驾驶是飞行安全的有效风险标志 酒精在涉及目视飞行规则的坠机事件中扮演着特别重要的角色 仪器气象条件。在拟议的项目中，调查人员将解决具体目标 通过一系列病例对照研究和时间序列分析，使用酒精测试数据(多年来 1995-2007年)和各种监测系统的事故和接触数据(1983-2007年) 由联邦机构维护，包括联邦航空管理局、联邦汽车承运人安全 美国国家运输安全委员会，国家公路交通安全管理局，以及 交通统计局。拟议项目将有助于解决几个国家的健康问题 与酒精滥用、伤害控制、职业安全和干预有关的目标 有效性研究，如2010年《健康人》中所述。来自拟议研究的发现 可以为有关的重要决策提供急需的科学证据 交通安全和出行公众的保护。

The broad, long-term objectives of this proposal are to better understand the role of alcohol in aviation and motor carrier accidents and to improve transportation safety. The specific aims are: (1) to determine the point prevalence rates of alcohol violations among safety-sensitive employees in aviation and motor carriers; (2) to quantify the relative risks of aviation and motor carrier accidents associated with alcohol violations; (3) to examine the deterrent effects of mandatory alcohol testing programs on alcohol violations in aviation employees and commercial truck drivers; and (4) to evaluate the effectivenessof mandatory alcohol testing programs in reducing aviation and motor carrier accidents. The Omnibus Transportation Employee Testing Act of 1991 mandates that employees with safety- sensitive functions be tested for alcohol under a variety of circumstances. Mandatory alcohol testing programs such as random testing, reasonable suspicion testing, and post-accident testing have been implemented in the aviation and motor carrier industries since 1995 but have not been rigorously evaluated. This application is a competing continuation to an R01 grant on alcohol and general aviation (i.e., noncommercial flights). In the parent project, the investigators followed a cohort of 335,672 general aviation pilots for seven years and found that driving-while-intoxicated history is a valid risk marker for flight safety and that alcohol plays a particularly important role in crashes involving flight under visual flight rules into instrument meteorological conditions. In the proposed project, the investigators will address the specific aims through a series of case-control studies and time series analyses using alcohol testing data (for the years 1995-2007) and accident and exposure data (for the years 1983-2007) from a variety of surveillance systems maintained by federal agencies, including the Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, National Transportation Safety Board, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and Bureau of Transportation Statistics. The proposedproject will help address several national health objectives pertaining to alcohol abuse, injury control, occupational safety, andintervention effectiveness research, as statedin Healthy People 2010. Findings from theproposed research couldprovide much-neededscientific evidence for informing important policy decisions relevant to transportation safety andprotection of the traveling public.