Assessment, Development and Application of Positive Psychology Science for Cancer

描述(由申请人提供)：这份职业发展申请提出了一种有指导的培训和研究经验，以发展John Salsman博士作为一名独立研究员，开发创新的积极心理结果措施，用于癌症预防和控制。患者报告的结果(PRO)捕捉了患者对癌症等慢性疾病影响的独特视角，并以不同于生理结果的方式评估主观体验。患者报告结果测量信息系统(PROIS)是美国国立卫生研究院的一项路线图倡议，旨在使用最先进的心理测量方法，为患有各种慢性病和人口统计特征的患者改善和标准化PRO。它是一个雄心勃勃的综合PRO测量系统，将项目反应理论(IRT)建模应用于健康状况评估。PROMIS已经开发和校准了评估情绪困扰、睡眠-觉醒功能、身体功能、疼痛、疲劳和社会健康的题库。PROMIS领域框架仍然存在缺口，目前没有银行评估积极心理功能(PPF)。随着越来越多的人在癌症中存活甚至茁壮成长，了解癌症的正向调节和生长是了解癌症预防和控制研究中的损伤、残疾和心理社会发病率的重要补充。萨斯曼博士建议(1)开发新的积极心理功能(PPF)题库，以增强和扩大现有的PROMIS题库；(2)通过对不同癌症患者和幸存者群体进行多项评估，探索PPF题库在癌症护理连续过程中的效用；(3)调整和试行一种干预措施，以促进年轻成年癌症患者和幸存者的幸福感，以确定可行性和可接受性。结果将导致进一步完善PPF的创新措施，并指导未来干预措施的发展，以将癌症的不利影响降至最低，并增强适应功能。这项拟议的研究得到了一项培训计划的支持，该计划涉及与多学科同事的互动和临床的正式课程工作 试验、定性方法、生物统计学、心理计量学和积极心理学。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This career development application proposes a mentored training and research experience to develop John Salsman, Ph.D., as an independent investigator in the development of innovative positive psychological outcome measures for cancer prevention and control. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) capture the patient's unique perspective on the impact of chronic diseases such as cancer and assess subjective experience in ways distinct from physiological outcomes. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is an NIH Roadmap initiative designed to improve and standardize PROs for patients with a wide range of chronic diseases and demographic characteristics using state-of-the-art psychometric methods. It is an ambitious and comprehensive PRO measurement system that applies item response theory (IRT) modeling to health status assessment. PROMIS has developed and calibrated item banks assessing emotional distress, sleep-wake function, physical function, pain, fatigue, and social health. There remains a gap in the PROMIS domain framework, with no current banks assessing positive psychological functioning (PPF). As more people survive and even thrive with cancer, understanding positive adjustment and growth in cancer is an important complement to understanding impairment, disability and psychosocial morbidity in cancer prevention and control research. Dr. Salsman proposes (1) to develop new item banks for positive psychological functioning (PPF) to augment and expand the existing PROMIS item banks, (2) to explore the utility of the PPF banks across the cancer care continuum using multiple assessments with a heterogeneous group of cancer patients and survivors, and (3) to adapt and pilot test an intervention to promote well-being among young adult cancer patients and survivors to determine feasibility and acceptability. Results will lead to further refinement of innovative measures of PPF and guide development of future interventions to minimize the adverse impact of cancer and enhance adaptive functioning. The proposed research is supported by a training plan that involves interactions with multidisciplinary colleagues and formal coursework in clinical trials, qualitative methodologies, biostatistics, psychometrics, and positive psychology.