Ovarian Hormones Effect on Smoking Behavior

 描述（由申请人提供）：在美国，吸烟是可预防的死亡和残疾的主要原因。尽管与男性相比，女性患吸烟相关疾病的发病率和死亡率的风险更高，但研究表明，她们吸烟的原因可能与男性不同，而且戒烟比男性困难。开展研究，查明造成成瘾的女性特有因素，对于以下方面至关重要：（a）解决与性别有关的健康差异问题;（B）为针对女性的治疗提供信息;（c）发现在女性中比例过高但对两性都适用的成瘾过程。卵巢激素代表了女性特有的因素，与尼古丁成瘾的维持和戒烟成功有关。该提案旨在通过将生态瞬时评估（EMA）与整个月经周期的每日激素采样相结合来推进这一研究路线，以进一步研究卵巢激素变化对女性吸烟的影响的模式和机制，真实的时间。使用前瞻性每日记录和激素采样将使我们能够测试吸烟是否会在高雌激素的日子更高，在高孕酮的日子更低（目标1），在整个月经周期中，与雌激素与孕酮比率较低的女性相比，雌激素与孕酮比率较高的女性吸烟更多，并且更依赖尼古丁（目标2），雌激素水平较高的日子，尼古丁的奖赏更大，认知控制更差，这将介导雌激素水平较高和吸烟增加之间的关系（目标3）。第二个目标是探索整个月经周期内激素效应的变化（目标4）。作为第一个调查卵巢激素，药物奖励，认知控制和吸烟行为的日常变化的综合研究，该项目将为一项研究计划铺平道路，该计划涉及更深入的实验室和基于现场的研究女性吸烟的心理神经内分泌基础。 通过专家指导、指导阅读、正式课程和研讨会、现场培训、参加国家科学会议、准备手稿和赠款、指导南加州大学健康、情感和成瘾实验室的学生以及完成拟议的调查，将获得以下方面的专业知识：（a）尼古丁成瘾的自然实地评估;（B）EMA设计和实施;以及（c）使用先进的统计方法来检验项目所概述的目标。因此，在拟议的培训期结束时，申请人将处于独特的地位，可以进行独立的跨学科研究，将实验室和实地研究结合起来，调查成瘾的女性特定因素。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable death and disability in the U.S. Although women compared to men are at a greater risk of smoking-related disease morbidity and mortality, research suggests they may smoke for different reasons than men and have a harder time quitting than men. Research identifying female-specific factors underlying addiction is critical for: (a) addressing sex-related health disparities; (b) informing female-specific treatments; and (c) discovering addiction processes that are overrepresented among females yet applicable to both sexes. Ovarian hormones represent a female specific factor implicate in the maintenance of nicotine addiction and success following a quit attempt. This proposal aims to advance this line of research by combining ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with daily hormonal sampling across an entire menstrual cycle to further examine the patterns and mechanisms of ovarian hormone variation effects on smoking in women in real time. The use of prospective daily recordings and hormonal sampling will allow us to test whether smoking will be higher on days with high estrogen and lower on days with high progesterone (Aim 1), that women with greater estrogen to progesterone ratios compared to women with lower estrogen to progesterone ratios across the entire menstrual cycle will smoke more and be more nicotine dependent (Aim 2), and that days with higher estrogen will be marked by greater nicotine reward and worse cognitive control, which will mediate relations between higher estrogen and increased smoking (Aim 3). Secondary aims will explore variability of hormonal effects across the menstrual cycle (Aim 4). As the first comprehensive study investigating daily changes in ovarian hormones, drug reward, cognitive control, and smoking behavior, this project will pave the way for a program of research involving more intensive laboratory and field-based studies of psychoneuroendocrinological underpinnings of smoking in women. Through expert mentoring, directed readings, formal coursework and seminars, onsite training, attending national scientific meetings, manuscript and grant preparation, mentorship of students in the USC Health, Emotion, and Addiction Laboratory, and the completion of the proposed investigation expertise will be gained in: (a) Naturalistic field assessment of nicotine addiction; (b) EMA design and implementation; and (c) Use of advanced statistical methodology to test the aims outlined by the project. Thus, by the end of the proposed training period, the applicant will be uniquely positioned to run an independent interdisciplinary line of research incorporating both lab and field based studies in investigating female specific factors in addiction.