International Conference on Grampositive Pathogens

描述(由申请者提供)：革兰氏阳性病原体国际会议(ICGPP)将处于职业生涯各个阶段的科学家聚集在一起，根据他们对革兰氏阳性病原体的共同兴趣交流想法和战略。由于参与者的热情，这次会议最初于2006年举行，随后在2008年、2010年和2012年继续举行，由内布拉斯加大学医学中心的研究人员与美国大平原地区的其他学术机构合作发展而来。ICGPP的主要好处是让研究人员有机会分享革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌所特有的科学、方法和方案。虽然革兰氏阳性病原体会导致无数种独特的感染，从抗生素相关性结肠炎到坏死性筋膜炎，但活动的基本方面 包括跨越单层膜的蛋白质分泌、细胞壁生物合成和蛋白质锚定，以及这组医学上重要的病原体之间的细胞间通讯。革兰氏阳性感染的影响继续增长，抗生素耐药性仍然是一个重大威胁。例如，艰难梭状芽胞杆菌小肠结肠炎，曾经主要与医院使用抗生素有关，现在在与医疗机构没有流行病学关系的年轻、健康的成年人中发现。最近的数据表明，艰难梭菌引起的感染是美国耐药细菌死亡的主要原因。此外，社区获得的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(CA-MRSA)菌株USA300已达到流行水平，并在学校、更衣室和医院造成其他健康个人的皮肤和软组织感染。这项R13申请要求提供资金，以支持将于2014年10月12日至15日在东北奥马哈举行的ICGPP。我们目前的组委会由来自不同学术机构的八名成员组成，他们都是过去的与会者，都参与了这次会议的策划阶段。尽管在美国还有其他会议介绍细菌致病机理或原核生物生物学的各个方面，但这是唯一专门关注 革兰氏阳性致病机理和生物学，并提供一个合作和支持环境，促进现有研究人员和初级科学家之间的互动。年轻科学家可以选择以海报或口头形式展示他们的研究，重要的是，2012年，40名受训人员进行了口头研究陈述。五位国际知名科学家已经同意在2014年ICGPP上发表主题演讲：安德鲁·卡米利博士(塔夫茨大学)、让·李博士(哈佛大学和布里格姆妇女医院)、布鲁诺·杜佩博士(法国巴黎巴斯德研究所)、达伦·希金斯博士(哈佛大学)和凯利·多兰博士(圣地亚哥州立大学)。为了使参与者的注册费保持在较低水平，并鼓励年轻研究人员参与，我们要求提供资金，以支持我们的五位主旨演讲者的旅费，以及将发放给博士后和博士后实习生的17笔旅费补助金。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The International Conference on Gram-Positive Pathogens (ICGPP) brings together scientists at all stages of their careers to exchange ideas and strategies based on their shared interests in Gram- positive pathogens. This conference, initially held in 2006 and then continued in 2008, 2010, and 2012 as a result of participant enthusiasm, grew out of collaborations between investigators at the University of Nebraska Medical Center and other academic institutions in the great plains region of the United States. The overarching benefit of ICGPP is the opportunity for investigators to share the science, approaches, and protocols that are unique to Gram-positive organisms in contrast to Gram- negative bacteria. While Gram-positive pathogens cause a myriad of unique infections, ranging from antibiotic-associated colitis to necrotizing fasciitis, fundamental aspects of activities that include protein secretion across single membranes, cell wall biosynthesis and protein anchoring, and cell-cell communication are shared between this group of medically important pathogens. The impact of Gram-positive infections continues to grow and antibiotic resistance remains a significant threat. As an example, Clostridium difficile enterocolitis, once primarily associated with antibiotic use in hospitals, is now found in young, healthy adults that do not have an epidemiological relationship to a healthcare facility. Recent data suggests that infections caused by C. difficile are the leading cause of mortality among antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the US. In addition, community-acquired methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strain USA300 has reached epidemic levels and is causing skin and soft tissue infections in schools, locker rooms, and hospitals in otherwise healthy individuals. This R13 application is requesting funds to support the ICGPP to be held in Omaha, NE during the dates of October 12-15, 2014. Our current organizing committee is comprised of eight members from various academic institutions, and all are past attendees and have been involved in the planning stages of this conference. Although other meetings exist in the US that present various aspects of bacterial pathogenesis or prokaryotic biology, this is the only meeting focusing specifically on Gram-positive pathogenesis and biology, and which provides a collegial and supporting environment that fosters interactions between established investigators and junior scientists. Young scientists have the option of presenting their research in either poster or oral format and importantly, in 2012, 40 trainees gave oral research presentations. Five internationally known scientists have already agreed to give keynote presentations at the 2014 ICGPP: Drs. Andrew Camilli (Tufts University), Jean Lee (Harvard University and Brigham and Women's Hospital), Bruno Dupuy (Institut Pasteur in Paris, France), Darren Higgins (Harvard University), and Kelly Doran (San Diego State University). To keep registration fees low for participants and to encourage the engagement of young investigators, we request funds to support travel of our five keynote speakers and for 17 travel grants that will be awarded to pre and post-doctoral trainees.