Development of Psychopathology: From Brain and Behavioral Science to Intervention

 描述：此申请是一个为期5年的T32培训计划的续订精神病理学的发展：从大脑和行为到干预。“精神和物质滥用障碍更有可能出现在生命的早期……[事实上，]是年轻人的主要非传染性障碍”(Insel，2014；p.1727)。因此，及早识别风险过程和及早干预至关重要。随着该领域从行为领域向神经发展领域的转变，这一培训计划也在不断发展，以反映人类大脑发展的重要进展。这一跨学科计划的主要目的是培养将(1)对精神病理学发展和维持的神经生物学和心理社会机制的知识状况做出贡献的科学家，以及(2)将基础研究的结果转化为基于经验的干预措施的发展，以预防和改善精神病理学，并促进精神健康。该培训计划提供多学科科学的个人指导，并辅之以教学活动。为每个研究员制定个性化的培训计划，并每学期重新评估。在过去的五年中，我们明确地将重点转移到增加关于神经生物学、心理生理学、遗传学和精神疾病潜在的心理社会机制的多学科研究的培训上。自2010年上一次续签以来，11名博士后实习生中有3名(27%)和5名博士后中有2名(40%)来自神经科学项目。在过去的十年里，我们的24名博士后和12名博士后实习生中，超过75%的人通过学术研究和教学继续为该领域做出了贡献。四分之一的受训者代表不同的少数民族群体，67%是女性。4名博士后继续接受T32的培训；3名前博士前实习生正在撰写论文；3名正在进行要求的临床实习。剩下的14名前博士后学员全部完成了博士学位；6名是学术心理学系教员职位的研究人员；2名是博士后研究员；4名从事临床服务、咨询、教学和监督相结合的工作；2名从事临床工作。在12名博士后研究员中，3名继续接受培训；9名前博士后中有7名仍积极参与研究和教学。培训计划成功的其他重要指标是学员的发表记录[预科论文：141篇，均值=5.9；中位数=5；博士后：157篇，均值=13.08；中位数=13]，以及他们从个人职业发展奖(F30，F31，K01，K99)，R型资助(例如，R34，R21，R00)和基金会(如，大脑行为研究基金)获得的研究资金。这份续签申请建议每年再次支持4名博士后实习生和3名博士后研究员。我们未来五年的主要目标是继续培养研究科学家，他们能够发现临床神经科学的基本知识，并将其转化为减少精神病理学的干预措施。我们将特别关注研究领域标准(RDoC)、拨款撰写和专业发展。

 DESCRIPTION: This application is for a 5-year renewal of the T32 Training Program in the Development of Psychopathology: From Brain and Behavior to Intervention. "Mental and substance abuse disorders are more likely to arise early in life...[and] are, in fact, the predominant noncommunicable disorders of young people" (Insel, 2014; p. 1727). Therefore, early identification of risk processes and early intervention are crucial. As the field has been shifting from a behavioral to a neurodevelopmental focus, this training program also has been evolving to reflect important advances in human brain development. The major thrust of this interdisciplinary program is to produce scientists who will (1) contribute to the state of knowledge about neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of psychopathology, and (2) translate findings from basic research to the development of empirically-based interventions for the prevention and amelioration of psychopathology and for the promotion of mental health. The training program provides individual mentoring in multidisciplinary science complemented by didactic activities. A personalized training plan is developed for each fellow and re-evaluated each semester. In the last five years, we have explicitly shifted our focus to increasing training on multidisciplinary research on neurobiological, psychophysiological, genetic, and psychosocial mechanisms underlying psychiatric illness. Since the last renewal in 2010, three of the 11 (27%) predoctoral trainees and two of the five postdocs (40%) have come from neuroscience programs. In the last decade, over 75% of our 24 pre- and 12 post-doctoral trainees have continued to contribute to the field through scholarly research and teaching. A quarter of trainees represent diverse ethnic minority groups and 67% have been female. Four predocs continue in training on this T32; 3 other former predoc trainees are working on their dissertations; 3 are doing their required clinical internship. All 14 remaining former predoc trainees have completed their PhDs; 6 are researchers in faculty positions in academic psychology departments; 2 are postdoctoral fellows; 4 do a combination of clinical service, consulting, teaching, and supervision, and 2 are doing clinical work. Of the 12 postdoctoral fellows, 3 continue in training; 7 of the 9 former postdocs are still actively involved in research and teaching. Other important indicators of the training program's success are trainees' publication records [predocs: 141 papers, mean=5.9; median=5; postdocs: 157 papers, mean=13.08; median =13] and their acquisition of research funding from individual career development awards (F30, F31, K01, K99), R-type grants (e.g., R34, R21, R00), and foundations (e.g., Brain Behavior Research Fund). This renewal application proposes to again support 4 predoctoral trainees and 3 postdoctoral fellows annually. Our primary goals for the next five years are to continue to develop research scientists who can discover and translate basic knowledge from clinical neuroscience into interventions for reducing psychopathology. We will especially focus on the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), grant writing, and professional development.