Dynamic Brain Mechanisms of Proactive and Reactive Control in Childhood ADHD

 描述(由申请者提供)：这是根据NIH K01导师研究科学家发展奖励机制提出的申请。该研究项目的总体目标是了解主动控制和反应控制的大脑机制，以及它们与儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)相关行为症状的个体差异的关系。儿童ADHD的特点是在学术和社会领域存在严重的障碍，而认知控制缺陷是这些障碍的核心。最近的研究表明，认知控制通过两种不同的模式运作：主动性和反应性。然而，主动性和反应性控制过程对ADHD相关行为症状的影响程度尚不清楚。这项建议将通过使用NIMH研究领域标准(RDoC)策略评估用于主动和反应控制的成像定义的结构如何影响患有和不患有ADHD的儿童的注意力不集中和冲动来解决这一根本问题。候选人将使用一种新的系统神经科学方法来研究儿童主动和反应控制的动态大脑机制及其与ADHD相关症状的关系。本项目的具体目标是：(1)研究儿童反应控制和主动控制过程中脑网络中的动态因果交互作用，(2)使用RDoC方法调查反应控制和主动控制过程中异常因果交互作用如何影响儿童的冲动和注意力不集中，(3)研究反应控制和主动控制过程中的动态因果交互是否可以区分临床诊断的ADHD儿童和典型发育儿童，以及(4)利用多变量成像定义的反应控制和主动控制结构，探索用于症状预测和分类的生物标志物。拟议的研究将加深我们对患有和不患有ADHD儿童认知控制的个体差异背后的基本大脑机制的理解。它还将促进使用 在临床神经科学研究中使用新的计算工具，并为未来对包括自闭症和精神分裂症在内的其他神经发育障碍的认知控制的研究提供系统的神经科学框架。候选人将接受严格的教育和培训计划，以增加ADHD研究的临床方面的专业知识，先进的大脑网络分析和用于症状预测的机器学习算法。候选人将接受临床心理学、精神病学、发展和认知神经科学、脑网络分析和机器学习领域的领先专家的指导和培训。应聘者还将获得成功治疗ADHD儿童所需的临床评估方面的重要经验。正式的课程和参加心理学、精神病学、连接学和机器学习的研讨会将有助于实现这一目标。完成拟议的项目将使候选人成为临床和发展认知神经科学领域的一名成功的独立研究员。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is an application under the NIH K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award Mechanism. The overall goal of the research project is to understand brain mechanisms underlying proactive and reactive control and their relation to individual differences in behavioral symptoms associated with childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Childhood ADHD is characterized by significant impairments in academic and social domains, and deficits in cognitive control are at the core of these impairments. Recent research suggests that cognitive control operates via two distinct modes: proactive and reactive. However, the extent to which proactive and reactive control processes influence behavioral symptoms associated with ADHD remains unknown. This proposal will address this fundamental question by assessing how imaging-defined constructs for proactive and reactive control affect inattention and impulsivity in children with and without ADHD using the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) strategy. The candidate will use a novel systems neuroscience approach to investigate dynamic brain mechanisms of proactive and reactive control in children and their relation to symptoms associated with ADHD. The Specific Aims of this project are: (1) To investigate dynamic causal interactions in brain networks during reactive and proactive control in children, (2) To investigate how aberrant dynamic causal interactions during reactive and proactive control affect impulsivity and inattention in children using the RDoC approach, (3) To examine whether dynamic causal interactions during reactive and proactive control can differentiate children with clinically diagnosed ADHD from typically-developing children, and (4) To explore biomarkers for symptom prediction and classification using multivariate imaging-defined constructs of reactive and proactive control. The proposed studies will deepen our understanding of fundamental brain mechanisms underlying individual differences in cognitive control in children with and without ADHD. It will also advance the use of new computational tools in clinical neuroscience research and provide a systems neuroscience framework for future studies of cognitive control in other neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. The candidate will undergo a rigorous education and training plan to increase expertise in clinical aspects of ADHD research, advanced brain network analyses and machine learning algorithms for symptom prediction. The candidate will be mentored and trained by leading experts in the fields of clinical psychology, psychiatry, developmental and cognitive neuroscience, brain network analyses and machine learning. The candidate will also gain critical experience in clinical assessments necessary for successfully working with children with ADHD. Formal coursework and attendance at seminars in psychology, psychiatry, connectomics and machine learning will assist in achieving this goal. Completing the proposed project will enable the candidate to become a successful independent investigator in the fields of clinical and developmental cognitive neuroscience.