Predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study

墨尔本协作队列研究成立于20世纪90年代初，旨在前瞻性地调查饮食和其他生活方式因素在导致常见慢性疾病（包括常见癌症和心血管疾病）中的作用。1990年至1994年期间，41,500名年龄在40-69岁之间的人被招募到mcs。大约30%的研究对象是移居澳大利亚的南欧移民，他们被故意过度抽样，以扩大饮食和生活方式暴露的范围。来自南欧的移民在肥胖、体脂分布、身体活动模式、糖尿病、吸烟、血压和胆固醇水平等方面具有不利的风险因素，但他们死于心脏病的比例比澳大利亚平均水平低30-40%。这项研究的一个主要目的是调查南欧移民的饮食和烹饪的特定方面（橄榄油作为主要的膳食脂肪，大量摄入各种蔬菜和水果）通过提供高水平的多种天然抗氧化剂来预防心脏病和中风的可能性。它代表了澳大利亚有史以来对饮食和心血管疾病死亡率进行的最全面的前瞻性研究。一个特别强大的特点是结合了详细的自我报告的饮食摄入，与心血管疾病有关的饮食因素的广泛暴露（作为风险因素或保护剂），以及饮食摄入的客观标记（招募时收集的血液中饮食摄入模式的生化标记，体重，体脂和体脂分布）。这些数据应该为特定的饮食建议提供强有力的依据，作为减少澳大利亚人口中心脏病和中风引起的过早死亡率的基于人群的策略的一部分。

The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study was set up in the early 1990s to investigate prospectively the role of diet and other lifestyle factors in causing common chronic diseases including common cancers and cardiovascular disease. Between 1990 and 1994, 41,500 people, aged 40-69 were recruited into the MCCS. About 30% of the cohort are southern European migrants to Australia who were deliberately over-sampled to extend the range of dietary and lifestyle exposures. Migrants from southern Europe have an adverse risk factor profile in relation to obesity, body fat distribution, physical activity patterns, diabetes, smoking, blood pressure and cholesterol levels, yet their death rates from heart disease are 30-40% lower than the Australian average. A major objective of this study is to investigate the possibility that particular aspects of the diet and cuisine of migrants from southern Europe (olive oil as the major dietary fat, and high intakes of a variety of vegetables and fruit) protect against heart disease and stroke by providing high levels of a wide range of natural antioxidants. It represents the most comprehensive prospective study of diet and cardiovascular disease mortality ever conducted in Australia. A particularly powerful feature is the combination of detailed self-reported dietary intake, the very wide range of exposures to dietary factors implicated in CVD (as risk factors or protective agents), and the objective markers of dietary intake (biochemical markers of dietary intake patterns in blood collected at recruitment, body weight, body fat and body fat distribution). The data should provide a strong rationale for specific dietary recommendations as part of population-based strategies to reduce the incidence of premature mortality from heart disease and stroke in the Australian population.