Improved models for surface water-groundwater interactions at the watershed and subcatchment scales: Châteauguay River basin, southwestern Québec

地表水和地下水资源直接和间接地为流域社区的社会经济福祉作出贡献。水的可获得性和质量可能会受到自然和人为因素的影响，有时是不可逆转的。因此，正确理解水循环的大气、地表和地下组成部分之间的持续相互作用对于确保水资源的可持续利用至关重要。尽管地表水和地下水之间有很强的相互作用，但这些资源的管理传统上侧重于地表水、土壤水和地下水作为独立的实体。该项目的主要目标是改进和扩大在分流域和流域尺度上有效的两个现有的以物理为基础的水文模型，以便它们能够处理地表-地下相互作用(流域-含水层耦合)，并利用新的方法进行模型校准和数据同化。将特别强调地下水补给和低流量的特征和预测。研究区域是位于蒙特雷亚尔以南的查特奥瓜伊河流域和该流域内的黑河流域。该项目将受益于并补充正在进行的几项举措，这些举措的重点是监测和确定该流域的水文气象和水文地质特征。将在模型中加入的创新性校准和数据同化框架将使现有的大量观测数据得到最佳或最佳利用。该项目的行业合作伙伴魁北克水电公司积极参与魁北克南部几个流域的实时水文预报。该项目带来的更可靠的预报将不仅使魁北克水电公司受益，也将使查特奥瓜伊河流域的所有利益相关者受益。它将为在人口、土地利用和气候变化导致的相互冲突的需求和不断变化的水流模式中可持续利用水资源提供基础。由该项目得出的模型也将适用于魁北克南部的其他流域，而所开发的一般方法将适用于大多数水文流域。

Surface and subsurface water resources contribute, directly and indirectly, to the socio-economic well-being of watershed communities. The availability and quality of water can be compromised, sometimes irreversibly, by natural and anthropogenic factors. A proper understanding of the continuous interactions between atmospheric, surface, and subsurface components of the hydrological cycle is thus crucial to ensuring sustainable use of water resources. Despite the strong interactions between surface and subsurface waters, the management of these resources has traditionally focused on surface water, soil water, and groundwater as separate entities. The main goal of this project is to improve and extend two existing physically-based hydrological models, valid at the subcatchment and river basin scales, so that they can treat surface - subsurface interactions (watershed - aquifer coupling) and exploit emerging methodologies for model calibration and data assimilation. Particular emphasis will be placed on characterization and prediction of groundwater recharge and low flows. The study areas are the Châteauguay River basin located south of Montréal and the Rivière Noire subcatchment within this basin. The project will benefit from and complement several ongoing initiatives that are focused on monitoring and characterizing the hydrometeorology and hydrogeology of this river basin. The innovative calibration and data assimilation framework that will be added to the models will enable best or optimal use of the extensive observation data available. The industry partner in this project, Hydro-Québec, is actively involved in real-time hydrological forecasting for several basins in southern Québec. The more reliable forecasting that will result from this project will benefit not just Hydro-Québec but all stakeholders of the Châteauguay River basin. It will provide a basis for the sustainable use of water resources amidst conflicting demands and changing flow patterns as a consequence of demographic, land use, and climate changes. The models deriving from this project will also be applicable to other catchments in southern Québec, whereas the general approach developed will be applicable to most hydrological basins.