Characterization of catalysts by temperature programmed methods

许多重要的化学过程和技术依赖于反应物、产物（气相或液相）和（固体）催化剂表面之间的相互作用来提高所需化学反应的速率。例子包括燃料电池、氮氧化物减排以及从加拿大重油中去除氮和硫。了解气固或液固相互作用在大多数催化研究中是重要的。此外，气体和固体之间的吸附和反应在许多非催化的气固反应中也引起了人们的兴趣。测量吸附分子和固体之间的吸附可以用许多不同的方法来完成。随着温度以已知速率升高，在目标气体存在的情况下，程序升温（TP）吸附法动态测量气固相互作用。关于气体的吸附或解吸动力学、吸附过程的热力学以及可能发生的任何化学反应的动力学信息，都可以使用TP方法获得。此外，可以配置TP方法来滴定催化剂的活性位点。TP方法的通用性使其广泛应用于表征催化和气固反应中的重要相互作用。本提案要求资金购买一台TP吸附分析仪。该装置将由6名主要研究人员使用，他们的研究重点是热化学催化、光催化、电催化和气固反应，并应用于燃料电池的开发、用于改善环境技术的催化剂的开发，包括空气处理、氮氧化物减排和燃料中S和N的去除，以及气固反应的二氧化碳捕获。该设备对于这组研究人员通过新技术开发、排放控制和温室气体（CO2）减少来解决加拿大能源部门的重要问题至关重要。

Many important chemical processes and technologies rely on the interaction between reactants, products (in the gas or liquid phase) and a (solid) catalyst surface to enhance the rate of a desired chemical reaction.  Examples include fuel cells, NOx abatement and the removal of nitrogen and sulfur from Canadian heavy oil. Understanding the gas-solid or liquid-solid interaction is important in most all studies of catalysis. As well, the adsorption and reaction between the gas and solid is of interest in many non-catalytic, gas-solid reactions.   Measuring adsorption between adsorbate molecules and a solid can be done in a number of different ways.  Temperature-programmed (TP) adsorption methods measure the gas-solid interaction dynamically as the temperature is increased at a known rate, in the presence of the gas of interest.  Information about the adsorption or desorption kinetics of the gas, the thermodynamics of the adsorption process and the kinetics of any chemical reaction that may occur, can be obtained using TP methods.  Furthermore, TP methods can be configured to titrate the active sites of a catalyst. The versatility of TP methods makes them widely applicable for characterizing important interactions in catalysis and gas-solid reactions.   The present proposal requests funds to purchase a TP adsorption analyzer.  The unit will be used by a group of 6 principal investigators whose research is focused on thermochemical catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and gas-solid reactions, with applications in fuel-cell development, development of catalysts for improved environmental technologies including air treatment, NOx abatement and S and N removal from fuels, and in CO2 capture by gas-solid reaction.  The equipment is essential for this group of researchers to address important issues in Canada's energy sector through new technology development, emission control and greenhouse gas (CO2) reduction.