System for simultaneous measurement of bed and water surface profiles

本提案描述了一种用于自动、同时测量开放水域中的河床和水面剖面的系统。该系统允许快速获取这些测量值，其值可能变化很快。该设备将提高流量测量能力，用于研究河流水流侵蚀土壤的问题，以及评估河流中人工障碍物(如堤坝和堰塞处)的鱼类通道设施的潜在设计。由拨款资助的鱼类航道研究包括研究一种类似大自然的鱼道，称为“岩石坡道”。就这些鱼道而言，在连接障碍物上下游的河床上，岩石以不同的间距放置。这是为了模拟鱼类在自然界中遇到的水流类型，并鼓励它们通过结构的上游侧。该设备将允许详细收集通过水道的水流深度的数据，这些深度可以随着水道的长度和宽度而变化很大。考虑到这些信息和速度测量，将有可能评估一条鱼是否能够成功地通过海峡迁徙。这项工作对维持和改善淡水溪流中的鱼类种群具有重要意义。法律要求在河流中放置的建筑物提供更多关于鱼类通过的规定，以便鱼类能够进入它们原来的栖息地。将得到支持的冲刷研究包括研究水射流对粘土土壤的侵蚀。此外，将使用河床剖面仪评估因粘土侵蚀而形成的冲刷坑随时间的发展情况。所要求的河床剖面仪实际上不会接触粘土表面，这有时会导致侵蚀，并可能导致数据误解。但这项工作具有重要意义，可以让工程师更好地估计土壤的抗土壤侵蚀能力，以便他们能够设计更安全的大坝和桥梁。

This proposal describes a system for the automated, simultaneous measurement of bed and water surface profiles in open water flows.  The system allows for fast acquisition of these measurements, whose values can change quickly.  This equipment will improve flow measurement capabilities for study of problems in the erosion of soils by river flows and in the assessment of potential designs for fish passage facilities at manmade obstructions in rivers such as dams and weirs. The fish passage studies supported by the grant include study a type of nature-like fishway, called a "rocky ramp fishway".  For these fishways, rocks are placed at different spacing along the bed of the channel that serves to connect the upstream and downstream sides of the obstruction.  This is to mimic the type of flows fish encounter in nature and encourage them to pass to the upstream side of the structure.  The equipment will allow detailed data collection of the depths of flow through the channel, which can vary significantly through the channel length and width.  With this information and velocity measurements, it will be possible to assess whether a fish could successfully migrate through the channel.  The work is significant to the maintenance and improvements of fish populations in fresh water streams.  Provisions for fish passage are required by law to be provided at structures placed in rivers, so that fish can access their original habitat. The scour studies that will be supported include study of the erosion in clay soils by water jets.  The bed profiler will be used to assess the development of the scour hole created by the erosion of the clay with time. The bed profiler requested would not actually touch the clay surface, which can sometimes cause erosion and might cause misinterpretation of data.  The work is significant to allow engineers to better estimate soil erosion resistance in soils so that they can design safer dams and bridges.