Underwater optical profiling system

湖泊、河流和海洋的光学（光影响）特性在其生态结构和功能中起着重要作用。水下太阳辐射是水生生态系统的基础能源，水体的光衰减特性对水生初级生产力的分布和规模产生重要影响。此外，辐射吸收的分布控制着自然沃茨的热收支和分层，从而控制着它们的垂直结构和物理动力学。高能太阳辐射（UVB，UVA和蓝色波段）对光化学和光生物学具有广泛的影响，从而进一步将水生生态系统的功能与水文光学耦合起来。 所要求的仪器，Wetlabs水下IOP光学剖面系统，迫切需要保持和提高我们在水文光学方面的专业知识，并满足我们的NSERC发现赠款的研究和培训目标。具体来说，所要求的仪器将允许四个NSERC资助的大学研究小组获得实时的水下光谱剖面的“固有光学特性”（IOPs）。之所以这样命名，是因为它们是介质固有的，与环境辐照场无关，包括：a，吸收系数; B，散射系数; c，光束衰减系数。定义这些参数的深度和光谱变化是必要的，我们的辐射传输计算，并建立相关的光谱辐照度和辐射率的光学活性物质的水柱模型。此外，光谱后向散射系数bb提供的信息是关键的分析离开水的辐射，从而遥感应用，以及测量水中的颗粒浓度。该仪器将使我们的四个研究团队进行高级培训的研究生和博士后在淡水光学，并产生新的见解景观，气候和水生生态系统过程之间的关系在三个地区：圣劳伦斯河和湖泊在加拿大南部，气候敏感的湿地在亚北极魁北克省，湖泊和河流在加拿大高北极地区。

The optical (light-affecting) properties of lakes, rivers and seas play a major role in their ecological structure and function. Underwater solar radiation is the energy source at the base of aquatic ecosystems and the light attenuation properties of the water column exert an over-riding influence on the distribution and magnitude of aquatic primary production. Additionally, the profiles of irradiance absorption control the heat budget and stratification of natural waters, and thereby their vertical structure and physical dynamics. High energy solar radiation (UVB, UVA and blue wavebands) has wide ranging effects on photochemistry and photobiology which further couples the functioning of aquatic ecosystems with their hydrologic optics.   The requested instrument, the Wetlabs underwater IOP optical profiling system, is urgently needed to maintain and advance our expertise in hydrologic optics, and to meet the research and training goals of our NSERC Discovery Grants. Specifically, the requested instrument will allow four NSERC-funded university research groups to obtain real-time, underwater spectral profiles of 'inherent optical properties' (IOPs). These are so-named because they are inherent to the medium and independent of the ambient irradiance field, and include: a, the absorption coefficient; b, the scattering coefficient; and c, the beam attenuation coefficient. Defining the depth and spectral variations of these parameters is necessary for our radiative transfer calculations and to build models relating spectral irradiance and radiance to optically active substances in the water column. Additionally, the spectral backscattering coefficient bb provides information that is critical for analysis of water-leaving radiance and thus remote sensing applications, as well as a measure of the concentration of particles in the water. This instrument will allow our four research teams to undertake advanced training of graduate students and postdocs in  freshwater optics, and to generate new insights into the relationships between landscapes, climate and aquatic ecosystem processes in three regions: the Saint Lawrence River and lakes in southern Canada, climate-sensitive wetlands in subarctic Québec, and lakes and rivers in the Canadian High Arctic.