Observational and Experimental Studies of Compact Objects and Supernova Remnants

我建议对致密天体和超新星遗迹进行观测和实验研究。致密天体基本上是黑洞和中子星，为研究极端条件下的物理学提供了难得的机会，如广义相对论、超强磁场和超流体物理学以及超新星爆炸。这些天体经常在X射线双星中被发现，在那里它们从质量贡献的伴星星星中吸积物质。在这个建议中，我特别计划对新发现的（自2003年以来），高度模糊的X射线双星进行多方面的研究，使用地面和太空望远镜来了解它们的性质。超新星遗迹是由超新星爆炸波与附近星际介质的激波相互作用形成的，它决定了星际介质的全球演化，并作为研究激波的原型实验室。我建议使用Astro-F卫星和地面望远镜对超新星遗迹进行大型红外线调查。这个广泛的计划将为我们提供一个独特的机会来研究超新星遗迹和相关物体。所有这些观测工作将由必要的、适当的和可行的实验和仪器工作来补充。研究生的参与将是这项工作的核心。这将包括建立一个新的近红外成像光谱仪，具有前所未有的光谱覆盖范围和分辨率，以及一个高速近红外相机，用于检测年轻恒星的近红外脉动。

I propose to carry out observational and experimental studies of compact objects and supernova remnants. Compact objects are basically black holes and neutron stars, and provide rare chances for studying the physics of extreme conditions such as general relativity the physics of ultra-strong magnetic fields and superfluids, and supernova explosions. These objects are often found in X-ray binaries where they accrete material from a mass-donating companion star. In this proposal, I specifically plan to carry out multi-faceted studies of the newly-discovered (since 2003), highly-obscured X-ray binaries using both ground- and space-based telescopes to understand their nature. Supernova remnants, which are formed by the shock interaction of the supernova blast waves with the nearby interstellar medium, determines the global evolution of the interstellar medium and serve as the prototypical laboratory for studying the shocks. I propose to carry out a large infrared survey program of supernova remnants using the Astro-F satellite as well as ground-based telescopes. This extensive program will offer us a unique opportunity to study supernova remnants and related objects. All these observational efforts will be complemented by experimental and instrumentation efforts as necessary, appropriate, and feasible.Involvement of graduate students will be central to this effort. This will include building a new near-IR imaging spectrograph with unprecedented spectral coverage and resolution and also a high-speed near-IR camera optimized for detecting near-IR pulsations of young pulsars.