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Circadian rhythms, sleep, and substance use risk during adolescence: Observational, experimental, and longitudinal studies

青春期的昼夜节律、睡眠和物质使用风险：观察、实验和纵向研究

基本信息

批准号：
10442462
负责人：
Brant P. Hasler
金额：
$ 47.9万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-15 至 2025-06-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10442462
关键词：
Acute Adolescence Adolescent Adolescent Development Affect Age Animals Behavioral Biological Caffeine Characteristics Circadian Rhythms Circadian desynchrony Clinical Cognitive Complement Control Groups Development Exhibits Female Financial cost Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Hair follicle structure Health Care Costs Home Human Impaired cognition Incidence Individual Individual Differences Intervention Laboratories Lead Light Longitudinal Studies Machine Learning Measures Mediator of activation protein Melatonin Methods Modeling Molecular Observational Study Participant Patient Self-Report Periodicity Phase Phenotype Polysomnography Predictive Factor Prevention Randomized Reporting Resources Rewards Risk Risk Factors Salivary Schedule Schools Sleep Substance Use Disorder Substance abuse problem Synapses System Systems Development Teenagers Testing Time Visit Work Youth actigraphy attentional control base biobank brain circuitry circadian cognitive control cognitive task data management disorder risk effective intervention experimental study follow up assessment follow-up high risk improved innovation modifiable risk neurobehavioral neuroimaging novel reduced substance use relating to nervous system societal costs statistics substance use trait young adult

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Substance Use (SU) and substance use disorders (SUDs) are widely prevalent and pose devastating health, financial and societal costs. The primary goal of the CARRS Center is to understand how sleep and circadian rhythm traits and environmental disruptions during adolescence lead to increased vulnerability for substance abuse. We further aim to test whether manipulation of sleep and circadian factors during adolescence will alter factors associated with increased risk for SU. The incidence of SU and SUDs increases across adolescence, making this sensitive developmental period one of both heightened risk—and heightened opportunity for prevention and intervention. However, to develop effective interventions, we need to identify novel and modifiable risk factors and mechanisms for SUD. Project 2 (P2) of CARRS will test the hypothesis that individual differences in sleep and circadian characteristics during adolescence are associated with self-report, behavioral, and neural indicators of reward function and cognitive control, which in turn are associated with increased risk for SU. Further, P2 tests an experimental intervention that manipulates sleep and circadian rhythms to directly examine its impact on reward function. P2 will study 150 adolescents (age 13–15) with early (n=50) and late (n=100) sleep timing. All participants will complete 2 weeks of home sleep monitoring, followed by an overnight laboratory visit to assess self-report, behavioral, and neuroimaging (fMRI) tasks of cognitive control and reward function, as well as circadian phase via salivary melatonin and molecular rhythms via hair follicles. The Late group will continue to the experimental study, each participant randomized to 2-week manipulation or attentional control conditions (n=50 each). Finally, we include repeated 6-month follow-up assessments of sleep and SU for all participants in P1 and P2 to examine longitudinal associations. Aim 1 is to compare Early versus Late sleepers on sleep/circadian factors and neurobehavioral markers. Dependent variables include circadian phase, sleep duration, and circadian misalignment, as well as self-report, behavioral, and neural measures of cognitive control and reward function. Aim 2 is to probe the acute effects of experimental sleep advance and extension on sleep and circadian rhythms, as well as effects on neurobehavioral markers of SUD risk, in adolescents with late sleep timing (n=100). Our Collaborative Aim (P1/P2) is to examine whether sleep/circadian factors, cognitive control, and reward function predict subsequent SU across follow-up using self-report, behavioral, and neural measures, as well multivariable machine learning approaches (Core C). P2 will draw directly on resources of Core A: Administration, Core B: Phenotyping and Biobanking, and Core C: Data Management and Statistics. Findings from P2 will complement findings on circadian rhythmicity and homeostatic sleep drive from P1 and will provide definitive findings on how manipulation of sleep/circadian rhythms alters cognitive control, reward function, and SU risk in humans, which may, in turn, inform novel sleep and circadian-based interventions to reduce this risk.

项目总结