Development of a cement with cells embedded in alginate to reconstruct large osseous defects

北美出生的婴儿中有5%有出生缺陷，其中四分之三涉及头面部复合体(头部、面部和口腔组织)。影响面部、头骨、颌骨和牙齿的疾病有数百种。唇裂伴或不伴腭裂是最常见的(1：1000出生)。头面部缺陷也可能是肿瘤切除和创伤造成的。这些头面部疾病和缺陷的社会和经济代价是巨大的，给人口中的特定群体造成了沉重的负担。由于这些头面部缺陷导致的硬组织(骨或软骨)的丧失是头颈外科的严重问题。可用于这些患者的康复治疗包括自体骨移植、同种异体骨移植和合成骨移植。合成粘固剂，如磷酸钙基粘固剂，对治疗颅面缺损特别有意义，因为它们可以被塑造成待修复的缺损区的形状。然而，对于较大的骨缺损(如头颈癌、放射性骨坏死或腭裂的切除)，单独使用生物材料或生物材料的组合不能完全再生这些丢失的组织。我们建议测试新一代“基于细胞的杂交生物材料”，这种材料可以将祖细胞输送到特定的颅面部缺陷和疾病中。我们提出的生物材料由3个主要部分组成：1)自体间充质前体细胞(从拔除的牙齿中分离出来)，被包裹在2)藻酸盐中，然后种植到3)磷酸钙骨水泥中。

5% of infants born in North America have birth defects, and three-quarters of these involve the craniofacial complex (head, face, and oral tissues). There are hundreds of disorders affecting the face, skull, jaws, and teeth. The cleft lip with or without cleft palate is the most common one (1:1000 births). Craniofacial defects may also result from tumor resection and from trauma. The social and economic costs of these craniofacial disorders and defects are enormous and they create a high burden on particular groups in the population. The loss of hard tissues (bone or cartilage) due to these craniofacial defects represents serious problems in head and neck surgery. Rehabilitation treatments available for these patients are autologous bone grafts, allografts, and synthetic bone grafts. Synthetic cements such as the calcium phosphate-based cements are of particular interest to treat craniofacial defects because they can be contoured to the shape of the defects to be repaired. However for large osseous defects (such as those seen in resections due to head and neck cancer, osteoradionecrosis, or cleft palates), no use of biomaterial alone or combinations of biomaterials can regenerate fully these lost tissues. We propose to test a new generation of "cell-based hybrid biomaterial" that can deliver progenitor cells to specific craniofacial defects and diseases. Our proposed biomaterial consists of 3 main components: 1) autologous mesenchymal progenitor cells (isolated from extracted teeth) which are encapsulated into 2) alginate and seeded into 3) calcium phosphate cements.