Functional nanoporous organic-inorganic hybrid materials

在纳米材料中，具有纳米级孔隙的材料，如纳米多孔材料，因其作为纳米尺度物体的吸附剂、催化剂和寄主的前景而备受关注。我的研究计划的目的是开发新型的多孔有机-无机杂交体，其设计功能用于生产高选择性吸附剂，可回收和尺寸和形状选择性多相催化剂和控制输送系统。为了实现这一目标，研究主要集中在设计纳米级结构的多孔固体，并结合来自具有不同性质的成分的组装的不同功能。这种多功能材料可以在单一的杂化结构中具有多种不同的化学和物理性质。特别是，有机和无机组分之间的界面、它们的局部环境和组分在结构中的相对位置将以协同的方式对所得复合材料的性能产生很大的影响。综合而言，该方法是基于将特定功能聚合物或有机实体定位在介孔无机宿主（5-30 nm的孔隙）内。特别是介孔二氧化硅，具有很高的稳定性和框架结构和孔隙形态的多样性。例如，通过选择性限制乙烯基单体在二氧化硅壁上的孔内聚合，并在主要纳米孔表面形成一层薄涂层，可以生成完全集成的坚固多孔有机-无机杂化物。随后，具有功能位点的高孔表面积使得通过有机反应或其他客体的结合可以轻松地进行表面修饰。作为聚合物的一部分或通过后处理添加的不同官能团将允许与目标分子进行特定的相互作用，从而产生用于选择性CO2吸附或污染物去除的创新材料。功能化纳米多孔复合材料作为固体非均相催化剂也具有广阔的应用前景。除了应用和技术方面，我的计划强调在固体基质和纳米尺度运输的主客相互作用的基本理解。

Among nanomaterials, materials with pores in the nanometer range, e.g. nanoporous materials, are of great interest for their perspectives as sorbents, catalysts and hosts for nanoscale objects. The aim of my research program is to develop new types of porous organic-inorganic hybrids with designed functionalities for the production of highly selective sorbents, recyclable and size-and-shape selective heterogeneous catalysts and controlled delivery systems. To achieve this goal, the research focuses principally on the design of porous solids structured at the nanoscale level and combining different functions originating from the assembly of constituents with distinct properties. Such multifunctional materials can have a variety of distinct chemical and physical properties in a single hybrid structure. Especially, the interfaces between organics and the inorganic constituent, their local environment and the relative location of components in the structure are expected to influence greatly the properties of the resulting composites in a cooperative manner. Synthetically, the approach is based on locating specifically functional polymers or organic entities inside mesoporous inorganic hosts (pores in 5-30 nm). Mesoporous silica, particularly, offers high stability and great diversity in framework structure and pore modality. For example, with the selective restriction of the polymerization of vinyl monomers inside the pores present in the silica walls and forming a thin coating on the main nanopore surface, one can generate fully integrated robust porous organic-inorganic hybrids.  Subsequently, the high pore surface area with functional sites enables easy surface modification via organic reactions or the incorporation of other guests. The different functional groups being parts of the polymer or added by post-treatment will permit specific interactions with target molecules leading to innovative materials for selective CO2 adsorption or pollutant removal. The functionalized nanoporous composites have also prospects as solid heterogeneous catalysts. In addition to applications and technological aspects, my program emphasizes fundamental understanding of host-guest interactions within solid matrices and transport at the nanoscale.