Optimizing processes and performance of chromium- and arsenic-free wood preservatives

铜胺基木材防腐剂，如碱性铜季铵化合物（ACQ）已被临时注册为铬化砷酸铜的替代品，用于消费者和住宅用途。对于木材中这些防腐剂的固定或稳定的基本模式，以及在处理工厂和使用过程中提高抗防腐剂浸出能力的加工变量，所知相对较少。本项目通过考察稳定铜的形态和木材化学的变化，探讨铜和铜胺防腐剂中季铵化合物组分在木材中的基本固定机理。将评估加工变量如温度、相对湿度、溶液浓度和木材种类对组分稳定率和程度的影响。由于质量控制程序的重要性，以确保已处理的木材已被加工为最佳的稳定，将开发和评估在处理厂的稳定程度的方法。将评估稳定程序对现役木材防腐成分浸出的影响，并评估扩散模型预测木材在浸出条件下有机和无机成分排放的能力。将调查用化学方法从废木材中提取有效成分来修复废弃木材的经济和技术可行性，作为一种潜在的回收办法。

Copper amine based wood preservatives such as alkaline copper quaternary ammonium compound (ACQ) have been given temporary registration as alternatives to chromated copper arsenate for consumer and residential uses. Relatively little is known about the fundamental mode of fixation or stabilization of these preservatives in wood and on processing variables that result in improved resistance to preservative leaching at the treating plant and in service. This project investigates the fundamental fixation mechanism of copper and quaternary ammonium compound components of copper amine preservatives in wood, by examining the speciation of stabilized copper and the changes to the wood chemistry. Effects of processing variables such as temperature, RH, solution concentration and wood species on rate and extent of stabilization of components will be evaluated.  Because of the importance of quality control procedures to ensure that the treated wood has been processed for optimal stabilization, methods of assessing degree of stabilization at the treating plant will be developed and evaluated. Implications of stabilization procedures on leaching of preservative components from wood in service will be assessed and diffusion models will be evaluated for their ability to predict emissions of both organic and inorganic components from wood when exposed to leaching conditions. The economic and technical feasibility of remediating treated wood removed from service by chemical extraction of active ingredients from spent wood as a potential recycling option will be investigated.