Survey and assessment of damage due to extreme winds in Canada

每年，严重的风暴都会对加拿大的住宅结构和基础设施造成重大破坏。这些损坏大部分都没有记录，特别是从工程的角度来看，尽管这些信息很重要。详细了解风灾对于确定建筑和设计规范的性能、开发保险风险或损失模型、提高气象学家预测极端事件（如龙卷风和下击暴流）和发布适当警报的能力以及验证实验室测试结果都很重要。然而，为了定量地实现这些目标，必须对峰值风速进行合理准确的估计。这种情况很少发生。因此，必须直接使用损伤观测来推断风速。目前的建议涉及这一问题，重点是风暴损害的两个具体方面，即树木的风吹（或连根拔起）和风吹碎片造成的损害及其飞行距离，以及如何利用这些数据来估计峰值风速。为了实现这些目标，将与加拿大环境部的风暴损害调查小组一起进行损害调查，并将在实验室用全尺寸和缩小尺寸的模型进行详细的分析和实验。

Every year severe wind storms cause significant damage to Canadian residential structures and infrastructure. Much of this damage goes undocumented, particularly from an engineering viewpoint, even though such information is important. Detailed knowledge of wind damage is important to determine the performance of building and design codes, to develop of insurance risk or loss models, to improve the ability of meteorologists to forecast extreme events (such as tornadoes and downbursts) and to issue appropriate warnings, and to validate laboratory test results. However, to achieve these goals quantitatively, it is imperative that reasonably accurate estimates of the peak wind speeds are available. This is seldom the case. Thus, the damage observations must be used directly to infer the wind speed. The current proposal addresses this issue, focussing on two particular aspects of storm damage, namely, windthrow (or uprooting) of trees, and damage caused by, and the flight distances of, windborne debris, and how these can be used to estimate peak wind speeds. To achieve these goals, damage surveys will be conducted with Storm Damage Survey teams from Environment Canada and detailed analysis and experiments will be conducted in the laboratory with full- and reduced-scale models.