Rapid mapping, monitoring and tracking-Development of low-cost unmanned aerial mapping system (UAMS)

不断需要减少从空中和空间传感器获得的地理数据生成地理信息所需的时间和成本。采集和处理时间对于诸如应急响应、消防、交通和环境监测等情况变得至关重要，在这些情况下，条件、事件和现象在空间和时间上不断变化。快速绘图、监测和跟踪系统和技术的可用性将有助于减少这一“等待时间”，提供所需的数据和信息，以支持及时作出基于知识的决策。本研究提出了一种方法，旨在减少采集和处理时间，通过开发一个灵活的空中平台进行成像和测距传感器，并通过开发方法进行映射，变化检测和跟踪。航空数据收集仍然是获得更好的视角和覆盖一个地区的一种方式，并且还具有在灵活的访问时间进行有针对性的覆盖的能力。传统的空中调查有某些局限性，例如高昂的调动费用和飞行限制。新兴的低成本无人机（UAV）将被用于开发无人机航空测绘系统（UAMS），该系统由配备GPS/INS导航系统的飞行器与成像和测距传感器（如静态和视频相机以及LIDAR）耦合组成。将开发方法和技术，从无人机辅助监测系统获得的数据中提取度量和专题地理信息。监测和跟踪研究将涉及在估计过程中整合现有数据和信息，以检测变化，并使用视频图像序列监测和跟踪快速发生的时空事件/现象。这项研究的结果预计将有助于时间紧迫的行动，如紧急反应，环境监测，生态系统监测，消防，搜索和救援行动，交通监测。它们还将支持面向应用的测绘，如管道监测和精准农业。

There is a continuous demand for reducing the time and cost required to generate geo-information from geo-data acquired from air-and space-borne sensors. The acquisition and processing time is becoming critical for situations, such as emergency response, fire fighting, traffic and environmental monitoring, where the conditions, events and phenomena are continuously changing in space and time. The availability of rapid mapping, monitoring and tracking systems and technology will contribute to reducing this "waiting-time" by providing the required data and information to support on-time knowledge-based decision-making. This research proposes an approach aiming to reduce both the acquisition and processing time by developing a flexible aerial platform carrying imaging and ranging sensors and by developing methods for mapping, change detection and tracking. Aerial data collection is still a way to obtain better perspective and coverage over an area and also has the ability for targeted coverage at flexible visiting times. Traditional air-surveys have certain limitations, such as high mobilization costs and flight restrictions. The emerging low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) will be used to develop an unmanned aerial mapping system (UAMS), consisting of the aerial vehicle equipped with GPS/INS navigation systems coupled with imaging and ranging sensors, such as still and video camera and LIDAR. Methods and technology will be developed to extract metric and thematic geo-information from the UAMS acquired data. Monitoring and tracking research will involve the integration of existing data and information in the estimation process for change detection and the use of video image sequence to monitor and track fast-occurring spatio-temporal events/phenomena. The results of this research are expected to contribute to time-critical operations such as emergency response, environmental monitoring, ecosystems monitoring, fire fighting, search and rescue operations, and traffic monitoring. They will also support application oriented mapping, such as pipeline monitoring and precision farming.