Physical properties of supported planar bilayers and while cells contrubuting to plarized growth and movement

允许生物有机体发挥功能的复杂过程可以在细胞和亚细胞水平上进行研究。 膜双层是包围细胞的脂肪层，是能够调节细胞功能的各种蛋白质的宿主。双分子层充当了分子从细胞外到细胞内的通道的守门人。 因此，细胞膜提供了保护对细胞功能至关重要的内部环境的物理屏障，并促进了个体细胞或生物体响应其环境而生存所需的通信。某些生物体，如植物和真菌，具有由糖聚合物组成的额外细胞壁，其提供结构增强以抵抗内部膨压并保持独立生长。 细胞膜和细胞壁都是界面，对于任何给定的细胞类型都具有独特的化学和物理性质。正是这些接口在各种情况下，是本提案的重点。

The intricate processes that allow biological organisms to function can be studied at the cellular and sub-cellular level. The membrane bilayer is the fatty layer that surrounds the cell and is host to a variety of proteins that are able to regulate cell function. The bilayer acts as the gatekeeper to the passage of molecules from the outside to the inside of the cell. Therefore, the cell membrane provides a physical shield protecting the internal environment crucial for cellular function and facilitates communication required for the survival of an individual cell or organism in response to its environment. Certain organisms, such as plants and fungi, have an additional cell wall composed of sugar polymers that provide structural reinforcement to resist internal turgor pressure and maintain freestanding growth. Both cell membranes and cell walls are interfaces with unique chemistry and physical properties for any given cell type. It is these interfaces in a variety of contexts that are the focus of this proposal.