Survey and assessment of damage due to extreme winds in Canada

每年，严重的风暴都会对加拿大的住宅结构和基础设施造成重大破坏。尽管这些信息很重要，但这些损害大多没有记录在案，特别是从工程角度来看。对风灾的详细了解对于确定建筑和设计规范的性能、开发保险风险或损失模型、提高气象学家预测极端事件(如龙卷风和下暴流)和发布适当警告的能力以及验证实验室测试结果非常重要。然而，为了在数量上实现这些目标，必须对峰值风速进行合理准确的估计。这种情况很少发生。因此，必须直接使用损伤观测来推断风速。目前的提案针对这一问题，侧重于风暴破坏的两个特定方面，即树木被风吹落(或连根拔起)，以及风载碎片造成的损害和飞行距离，以及如何利用这些来估计最高风速。为了实现这些目标，将与加拿大环境部的风暴损害调查小组一起进行损害调查，并将在实验室用全比例和缩小比例的模型进行详细的分析和实验。

Every year severe wind storms cause significant damage to Canadian residential structures and infrastructure. Much of this damage goes undocumented, particularly from an engineering viewpoint, even though such information is important. Detailed knowledge of wind damage is important to determine the performance of building and design codes, to develop of insurance risk or loss models, to improve the ability of meteorologists to forecast extreme events (such as tornadoes and downbursts) and to issue appropriate warnings, and to validate laboratory test results. However, to achieve these goals quantitatively, it is imperative that reasonably accurate estimates of the peak wind speeds are available. This is seldom the case. Thus, the damage observations must be used directly to infer the wind speed. The current proposal addresses this issue, focussing on two particular aspects of storm damage, namely, windthrow (or uprooting) of trees, and damage caused by, and the flight distances of, windborne debris, and how these can be used to estimate peak wind speeds. To achieve these goals, damage surveys will be conducted with Storm Damage Survey teams from Environment Canada and detailed analysis and experiments will be conducted in the laboratory with full- and reduced-scale models.