Integrated biorefinery strategy for production of biodiesel and multitude of valuable products from animal rendering and fish processing wastes

能源需求的持续增长已转化为原油成本的增加和绿色家用气体排放的加剧。因此，空气质量将继续严重恶化，全球变暖将超过可修复的程度。生物柴油和生物乙醇等可再生能源的绿色室内气体净排放量要小得多。使用生物柴油可以减少二氧化碳、二氧化硫和有害空气污染物的排放（约50-60%），特别是导致哮喘的烟尘。然而，目前的生物柴油工艺的经济性是非常脆弱的，主要依赖于政府补贴，因为副产品（甘油）已经失去了它的高商业价值，由于目前的甘油过剩。另一方面，将油菜籽和大豆等高价值油料作物转用于生物燃料生产，对今后粮食供应的可持续性提出了一些严重问题。这些因素使得有必要开发一种用于从富含油的废物基生物质（例如动物脂肪和鱼油）生产生物柴油和有价值的化合物的综合生物精炼方法。该项目的长期目标是开发一种经济可行且环境可持续的创新生物精炼工艺，包括将动物和鱼类加工废物生物酯交换成生物柴油和多种有价值的产品，如营养保健品（ω-3脂肪酸），酶抑制剂（α-2巨球蛋白、α-1抗蛋白酶）、酶（蛋白酶、脂肪酶）、胶原蛋白、高价值蛋白和粗粉;以及甘油生物转化为丙二醇、乙醇和乳酸。工作包括：汇编和分析有关大西洋地区废物来源和数量的信息，描述废物流，调查处理和预处理技术，并开发可行的提取/分离和发酵技术。该项目将有助于加拿大大西洋地区的社会经济发展，提高生物柴油行业的经济效益，并加速碳固存。将在生物能源和加工工程领域培训高素质的人员。

The continuously increasing demand for energy has been translated into increased cost of crude oils, and intensified emission of green house gases. As a result, air quality will continue to deteriorate severely and global warming will increase beyond repairable extent. Renewable energy such as biodiesel and bioethanol have a much smaller net emission of green house gases. The use of biodiesel can reduce emissions (about 50-60%) of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and harmful air pollutants, in particular asthma-causing soots. However, the present economics of biodiesel process is highly vulnerable and depend mainly on governmental subsidies because the secondary product (glycerol) has lost its high commercial value due to present glycerol glut. On the other hand, diversion of high value oil crops such as canola and soybeans for biofuels production has raised some serious questions on sustainability of food supply in future. These factors have necessitated the need for the development of an integrated biorefinery approach for production of biodiesel and valuable compounds from waste based biomass rich in oil such as animal fat and fish oils. The long-term objective of this project is to develop an economically viable and environmentally sustainable innovative biorefinery process consisting of biological transesterification of animal and fish processing wastes into biodiesel and multitude of valuable products such as nutraceuticals (omega-3 fatty acids), enzyme inhibitors (alpha-2 macroglobulin, alpha-1 antiproteinase), enzymes (proteases, lipases), collagen, high value proteins and meal; and bioconversion of glycerol into propanediol, ethanol and lactic acid. The work consist of: compiling and analyzing information on sources and amounts of waste materials in the Atlantic Region, characterization of waste streams, investigating handling and pretreatments techniques, and developing feasible extraction/separation and fermentation techniques. The project will contribute to the socio-economic development of Atlantic Canada, enhance the economics of the biodiesel industry and accelerate carbon sequestration. Highly qualified personnel will be trained in the fields of bioenergy and process engineering.