Technologies for thermochemical conversion of agricultural and forestry residues into fuels and chemicals

将各种各样的农业和林业残留物热解转化为液体生物油和固体生物炭是一项非常有吸引力的技术，在我们的化学和替代资源燃料研究所（ICFAR）的实验室中已经完善和扩大了规模。生物油提供了各种各样的替代应用，包括用作燃料、杀虫剂、杀虫剂、香料和药品。然而，由于原始原料和操作条件的不同，它们的特性变化很大，通常，如果不进一步加工和升级，它们就不能立即利用。同样，热解生物炭也需要进行升级改造，以充分利用其特性，实现其价值最大化。因此，基于以往的经验和跟踪记录，拟议研究计划的主要目标包括(a)不断改进流化床技术，以便对不断扩大的材料进行有效处理，这些材料经过精心挑选，以避免与食品或其他更有效的生物转化过程（农业和林业残留物，食品加工业的副产品）竞争；(b)开发从不同残留物生产的生物油和生物炭的升级技术，使其适合作为单个产品或混合物融入现有的传统化石燃料和化学品市场。这些目标将通过承担新的项目来实现，所有项目都涉及研究生，(1)改进流化床热解装置的固体进料器，以处理粘性和纤维性生物质材料；(2)研究分式缩合，以实现生物油馏分的初级分离，然后可以使用适当的反应途径分别利用或升级；(3)研究生物炭的物理和化学升级；(4)开展生物油催化和热升级的综合研究项目，包括生物质/生物油和加拿大重碳氢化合物（炼油厂重底、重油和沥青）的协同加工（共热解）的潜力和协同增效作用。

Pyrolytic conversion of a large variety of agricultural and forestry residues into liquid bio-oils and solid biochar is a very attractive technology that has been perfected and scaled up in our laboratories of the Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources (ICFAR). Bio-oils offer a large variety of alternative applications, including their use as fuels, pesticides, insecticides, flavors, and pharmaceuticals. However, their characteristics vary greatly as a function of the original feedstock and of the operating conditions and, typically, they cannot be immediately utilized without further processing and upgrading. Similarly, the pyrolytic bio-char needs to be upgraded to take full advantage of its characteristics and maximize its value. Therefore, building on previous experience and track record, the main objectives of the proposed research program include (a) continuous improvements of the fluid bed technology to allow the efficient processing of an ever expanding array of materials that are carefully selected to avoid competition with food or other more efficient biological conversion processes (agricultural and forestry residues, co-products of the food processing industry, and byproducts generated in biological conversion processes), and (b) the development of upgrading technologies for bio-oils and bio-chars produced from different residues to make them suitable for integration into the existing markets for conventional fossil fuels and chemicals as individual products or as blends. These objectives will be achieved by undertaking new projects, all involving graduate students, on (1) the improvement of the solid feeders for fluid bed pyrolyzers to handle cohesive and fibrous biomass materials; (2) investigating fractional condensation to achieve a primary separation of fractions of bio-oil that could then separately utilized or upgraded using appropriate reaction pathways; (3) studying physical and chemical upgrading of bio-chars; and (4) conducting a comprehensive research program on bio-oil catalytic and thermal upgrading, including the potential and synergies derived from the co-processing (co-pyrolysis) of biomass/bio-oils and of Canadian heavy hydrocarbons (refinery heavy bottoms, heavy oils and bitumens).