Precise Global Navigation Satellite system (GNSS) positioning and navigation in remote areas

全球定位系统(GPS)已经成为户外定位和导航的首选方法。研究集中在接收器(和天线)设计和数据处理算法的改进上，这推动了出人意料的应用增长和多样性。大多数当代高精度算法的开发侧重于跨越局部地区(例如，几十公里)的应用，利用昂贵的全球定位系统基础设施，特别是参考站，以减少系统测量误差。拟议研究方案的基本目标是改进偏远地区的定位和导航算法，例如人口密度低的地区和在经济上或物质上无法支持此类投资的沿海地区，解决如何在距离参考站数百公里的地方进行厘米级定位的问题。这项研究的进一步动力来自GPS星座升级和类似全球和区域系统的发展。这一全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)的进化将极大地增加定位算法的测量强度，并为实质性的算法开发创造条件。我建议在我以前和现在两种形式的定位和导航算法的新研究的基础上再接再厉：远程实时动态(RTK)和精密单点定位(PPP)。拟议的研究计划有四个主题：1)通过利用当代经验和基于物理的大气折射模型来改进远程RTK；2)通过改进算法和引入外部噪声缓解数据源来提高PPP定位能力(精度、滤波收敛周期和完整性)；3)将RTK和PPP相结合以提高定位性能和降低成本；以及4)预测GNSS的演变将如何影响这些开发的解决方案和我们的远程定位能力。研究成果将用于提高生产力和改善许多经济部门的生命安全应用，并通过出版、技术转让和商业化传播算法和方法，促进科学应用。

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become the preeminent method of outdoor positioning and navigation. Research has focused on improvement of receiver (and antenna) design and data processing algorithms, which have driven unpredicted application growth and diversity. Most contemporary high-precision algorithm development has focused on applications spanning localized areas (e.g., few tens of kilometres), utilizing costly GPS infrastructure, particularly reference stations, to reduce systematic measurement errors. The fundamental goal of the proposed research program is to improve positioning and navigation algorithms in remote areas, such as regions of low population density and the coastal offshore that cannot financially or physically support such investments, addressing the question of how to perform centimetre-level positioning hundreds of kilometres from a reference station. Further incentive for this research is coming from GPS constellation upgrades and the development of similar global and regional systems. This Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) "evolution" will greatly increase the measurement strength of positioning algorithms and allow for substantial algorithm development. I propose to build on my previous and current novel research in two forms of positioning and navigation algorithms: long-range Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Precise Point Positioning (PPP). There are four themes to the proposed research plan: 1) improving long range RTK by utilizing contemporary empirical and physics-based atmospheric refraction models, 2) improving PPP positioning capabilities (accuracy, filter convergence period and integrity) by enhancing algorithms and introducing external noise mitigation data sources, 3) combining RTK and PPP to improve positioning performance and reduce costs, and 4) predicting how GNSS evolution will affect these developed solutions and our remote location positioning abilities. Research results will be used to increase productivity and improve safety-of-life applications across numerous economic sectors, and advance scientific applications, via the dissemination of algorithms and methods through publications, technology transfers and commercialization.