Estimating snow water equivalent using combined remote sensing measurements and a snow hydrology model

雪蓄水是水循环的关键部分。利用卫星遥感和基于物理的数值模型估算了季节性雪水储存量。然而，卫星观测的不确定性可能很大，特别是在地方尺度上，水文模型依赖于偏远地区往往无法获得的气象测量。该建议力求将联合收割机卫星遥感测量与水文模型结合起来，以评估遥感观测用于增强偏远地区模型估计的用途。该项目将联合收割机结合三个不同遥感系统的三个雪测量数据，以产生一个混合雪水当量数据集。然后，通过在当地安装两个气象站，可以测量两个当地站点的环境变量，将运行一个能够模拟季节性雪水储存的水文模型。该模型还将使用来自加拿大环境部加拿大区域气候模型（CRCM）的粗尺度区域气候模型输入数据运行。这将使模型SWE估计在现场之间的比较，作为两种类型的输入数据的函数。然后，该项目将评估遥感估计如何使用数据同化方法改进模型，特别是在与CRCM一起运行时。在冬季进行的积雪调查将构成本提案的一个组成部分，并将有助于检验遥感和SWE模型估计数。

Snow water storage is a key part of the water cycle. Estimating the volume of seasonal snow water storage has been attempted using satellite remote sensing and physically-based numerical models. However, uncertainties from satellite observations can be great, especially at the local scale, and hydrology models rely on meteorological measurements which are often not available in remote locations. This proposal seeks to combine satellite remote sensing measurements with a hydrological model to assess the use of remote sensing observations for augmenting model estimates in remote locations. The project will combine three snow measurements from three different remote sensing systems to produce a blended snow water equivalent (SWE) data set. Then, by installing two weather stations locally that can measure environmental variables at two local sites a hydrologic model capable of simulating seasonal snow water storage will be run. The model will also be run using coarse scale regional climate model input data from the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) at Environment Canada. This will enable comparison between the model SWE estimates at the field sites as a function of the two types of input data. Then the project will assess how remote sensing estimates can improve the model using a data assimilation method, especially when run with the CRCM. Snow surveys conducted during the winter seasons will form an integral part of this proposal and will facilitate testing of the remote sensing and model SWE estimates.