RAPID: Forest fire effects on snow-water storage and downstream water quantity, quality, and timing of availability

RAPID：森林火灾对雪水储存和下游水量、质量和可用时间的影响

• 批准号: 2102762
• 负责人: Kelly Gleason
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: Portland State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-11-01 至 2022-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2102762&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Forest; fire; effects; snow

Immediate strategic deployment of instrumentation and field sampling is needed to capture the initial impacts of the unprecedented forest fires in the western Oregon Cascades on snow hydrology and quantity, quality, and timing of downstream water resource availability. The research project will quantify immediate post-fire impacts on watershed hydrology and downstream water quality in the headwaters of the Santiam River, which have not burned in recent history and provide drinking water to hundreds of thousands of people. The research will bring together headwater hydrology, fire, and forest ecology researchers, while supporting a female early career faculty, a PhD student, and a female MS student in a new research collaboration, developing relationships and cooperation across federal agencies. This research will facilitate informed post-fire policy and management decisions that will reduce post-wildfire costs and risks to public health and maintain long-term water security.Forest fires may increase snow accumulation, but accelerate snowmelt rates, and advance the timing of snow disappearance and associated peak streamflow for years following fire. This advanced spring flush will likely alter the timing of downstream water resource availability, as well as mobilize sediment and nutrients into critical water source areas. Using forest, stream, and snow monitoring, this research will quantify snow-water volume, snowmelt rate and timing, soil moisture, streamflow, downstream turbidity, soil and forest burn severities, and weather variability with elevation during the first winter after fire. This first season of data will initiate future research to more broadly and deeply understand the patterns and processes linking post-fire forest structure to snow hydrology and downstream water resource availability. Improved understanding of how the mosaic of post-fire gaps and forest structure may optimize snow-water storage, retention, and will facilitate policy and management decisions to mitigate the impacts of climate change on vulnerable snow-water resources.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

需要立即战略部署的仪器和现场采样，以捕捉前所未有的森林火灾在西部俄勒冈州瀑布对雪水文和数量，质量和下游水资源可用性的时间的初步影响。该研究项目将量化火灾后对流域水文和下游水质的直接影响，这些河流在近代历史上没有燃烧，并为数十万人提供饮用水。该研究将汇集水源水文学，火灾和森林生态学研究人员，同时支持女性早期职业教师，博士生和女MS学生在一个新的研究合作，发展关系和合作跨联邦机构。这项研究将促进知情的火灾后的政策和管理决策，这将减少野火后的成本和风险，以公众健康和保持长期的水安全。森林火灾可能会增加积雪，但加快融雪速度，并提前雪消失的时间和相关的峰值流量火灾后几年。这种提前的春季洪水可能会改变下游水资源可用性的时间，并将沉积物和营养物质转移到关键的水源地区。使用森林，溪流和积雪监测，这项研究将量化雪水量，融雪速率和时间，土壤水分，径流，下游浊度，土壤和森林烧伤的严重程度，以及火灾后第一个冬天的天气变化。第一季的数据将启动未来的研究，以更广泛和深入地了解火灾后森林结构与雪水文和下游水资源可用性之间的关系。更好地理解火后间隙和森林结构的马赛克如何优化雪水储存和保留，并将促进政策和管理决策，以减轻气候变化对脆弱雪水资源的影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。