Landscape indicators and agri-environmental policies for biodiversity enhancement on agricultural lands

我们建议制定和测试农民可以用来在保持农业产量的同时增强生物多样性的政策和相关做法。已经提出了各种这类政策和做法，但尚未在实地进行评估，并就其在维持生物多样性方面的有效性进行了比较。因此，我们的整个研究问题是：是否有有效的方法间接衡量农田的生物多样性(即生物多样性指标)，如果有，我们是否可以使用这些指标来确定农民可以用来加强其农田生物多样性的有效做法？我们假设生物多样性和景观异质性之间有很强的联系，即土地覆盖/土地利用类型的多样性及其空间分布的复杂性。我们建议在安大略省东部的大量农业地点测量生物多样性(鸟类、两栖动物、蜜蜂和蝴蝶)。我们将使用遥感数据并辅之以农业

We propose to develop and test policies and associated practices that farmers can use to enhance biodiversity while maintaining agricultural output. A variety of such policies and practices have been suggested but they have not been evaluated on the ground, and compared in terms of their effectiveness in sustaining biodiversity. Hence our overall research question: Are there effective ways to indirectly measure the biodiversity of farmland (i.e., biodiversity indicators) and, if so, can we use these indicators to identify effective practices that farmers can use to enhance biodiversity on their farmlands? We hypothesize a strong link between biodiversity and landscape heterogeneity, i.e., the variety of landcover/landuse types and the complexity of their spatial distribution. We propose to measure biodiversity (birds, amphibians, bees, and butterflies) at a large number of agricultural sites throughout Eastern Ontario. We will use remotely-sensed data supplemented with farming