Precise Global Navigation Satellite system (GNSS) positioning and navigation in remote areas

全球定位系统（GPS）已成为户外定位和导航的卓越方法。研究集中在接收器（和天线）设计和数据处理算法的改进上，这推动了不可预测的应用增长和多样性。大多数当代高精度算法开发集中在跨越局部区域的应用（例如，这是一项非常重要的工作，它利用昂贵的全球定位系统基础设施，特别是基准站，以减少系统测量误差。拟议研究计划的基本目标是改进偏远地区的定位和导航算法，如人口密度低的地区和沿海近海地区，这些地区无法在财政或物质上支持此类投资，解决如何在距离基准站数百公里的地方进行厘米级定位的问题。全球定位系统星座升级和类似的全球和区域系统的开发进一步刺激了这项研究。全球导航卫星系统的这一“演变”将大大提高定位算法的测量强度，并允许进行大量算法开发。我建议建立在我以前和目前的新的研究在两种形式的定位和导航算法：远程实时动态（RTK）和精密单点定位（PPP）。拟议的研究计划有四个主题：1）通过利用当代经验和基于物理的大气折射模型来改进远程RTK，2）改进PPP定位能力（精度、滤波器收敛周期和完整性），3）将RTK和PPP相结合以提高定位性能并降低成本，以及4）预测GNSS发展将如何影响这些开发的解决方案和我们的远程位置定位能力。研究成果将用于提高生产力，改善众多经济部门的生命安全应用，并通过出版物、技术转让和商业化传播算法和方法，推进科学应用。

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become the preeminent method of outdoor positioning and navigation. Research has focused on improvement of receiver (and antenna) design and data processing algorithms, which have driven unpredicted application growth and diversity. Most contemporary high-precision algorithm development has focused on applications spanning localized areas (e.g., few tens of kilometres), utilizing costly GPS infrastructure, particularly reference stations, to reduce systematic measurement errors. The fundamental goal of the proposed research program is to improve positioning and navigation algorithms in remote areas, such as regions of low population density and the coastal offshore that cannot financially or physically support such investments, addressing the question of how to perform centimetre-level positioning hundreds of kilometres from a reference station. Further incentive for this research is coming from GPS constellation upgrades and the development of similar global and regional systems. This Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) "evolution" will greatly increase the measurement strength of positioning algorithms and allow for substantial algorithm development. I propose to build on my previous and current novel research in two forms of positioning and navigation algorithms: long-range Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Precise Point Positioning (PPP). There are four themes to the proposed research plan: 1) improving long range RTK by utilizing contemporary empirical and physics-based atmospheric refraction models, 2) improving PPP positioning capabilities (accuracy, filter convergence period and integrity) by enhancing algorithms and introducing external noise mitigation data sources, 3) combining RTK and PPP to improve positioning performance and reduce costs, and 4) predicting how GNSS evolution will affect these developed solutions and our remote location positioning abilities. Research results will be used to increase productivity and improve safety-of-life applications across numerous economic sectors, and advance scientific applications, via the dissemination of algorithms and methods through publications, technology transfers and commercialization.